城市亚洲裔印度青少年和年轻成年人的饮食结构失衡、人体测量学和血脂水平。

Imbalanced dietary profile, anthropometry, and lipids in urban Asian Indian adolescents and young adults.

机构信息

Director and Head, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, INDIA.

出版信息

J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Apr;29(2):81-91. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719820.

DOI:10.1080/07315724.2010.10719820

PMID:20679142

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the macronutrient, micronutrient, food intake pattern, anthropometry, and lipid profile of urban Asian Indian adolescents and young adults and compare it with the nutrient profile of rural Asian Indian and American adolescents.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional, epidemiologic descriptive study. Body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, waist and hip circumferences, skinfold thickness, serum lipids, and dietary intake were assessed in 1236 subjects (607 males, 629 females) aged 13-25 years from schools and colleges of a metropolitan city of India.

RESULTS

The mean age and BMI of study subjects were 17.6 +/- 2.4 years (range 13-25 years) and 19.8 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2) (range 11.9-35.9 kg/m(2)), respectively. The mean daily percentages of total energy contributed by carbohydrates, total fats, proteins, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, and trans-fatty acids for all subjects were 53%, 34%, 11%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 1%, 8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The absolute daily intake of total fat was 84 +/- 29 g/d in males and 72 +/- 21 g/d in females, which was approximately 4 times the recommended dietary allowance for Asian Indians (20-22 g/d). Among food groups, a high intake of milk, milk products, roots, and tubers was observed. In these young individuals, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (males > or =169 mg/dl; females > or =181 mg/dl) and overweight (BMI > or =23.1 kg/m(2)) was 14.4% and approximately 16%, respectively. On comparison with rural Asian Indian adolescents, an inappropriately high intake of total fat was observed in our subjects. On the other hand, the percentage of energy intake of SFAs in Asian Indian and American adolescents was at par.

CONCLUSIONS

High total fat and SFA intake and a low intake of MUFAs and omega-3 PUFAs showed imbalanced nutrition, which could be responsible for the increasing prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance in urban Asian Indian adolescents and young adults. Nutritional strategies for reducing SFA intake and balancing the omega-3/omega-6 PUFAs ratio should be urgently applied in Asian Indian adolescents and are also presented in this paper.

摘要

目的

分析城市亚裔青少年和年轻人的宏量营养素、微量营养素、食物摄入模式、人体测量学和血脂情况，并将其与农村亚裔和美国青少年的营养状况进行比较。

方法

这是一项横断面、描述性流行病学研究。对印度一个大都市区学校和学院的 1236 名年龄在 13-25 岁的受试者（607 名男性，629 名女性）进行了体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比、腰围和臀围、皮褶厚度、血清脂质和膳食摄入量评估。

结果

研究对象的平均年龄和 BMI 分别为 17.6 ± 2.4 岁（范围 13-25 岁）和 19.8 ± 3.3 kg/m²（范围 11.9-35.9 kg/m²）。所有受试者的总能量百分比分别为碳水化合物 53%、总脂肪 34%、蛋白质 11%、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）11%、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）10%、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）9%、ω-3 PUFA 1%、ω-6 PUFA 8%和反式脂肪酸 0.3%。男性的总脂肪日摄入量为 84 ± 29 g/d，女性为 72 ± 21 g/d，这大约是亚洲人推荐的饮食摄入量（20-22 g/d）的 4 倍。在食物组中，摄入大量的牛奶、奶制品、根茎类蔬菜。在这些年轻人中，高胆固醇血症（男性≥169mg/dl；女性≥181mg/dl）和超重（BMI≥23.1kg/m²）的患病率分别为 14.4%和 16%左右。与农村亚裔青少年相比，我们的研究对象中总脂肪的摄入量过高。另一方面，亚洲和美国青少年 SFA 能量摄入的百分比相当。