Division of Prevention and Health Behavior, Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2010 Jul;19(3):505-26. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2010.03.005.
Substantial progress has been made in developing prevention programs for adolescent drug abuse. The most effective interventions target salient risk and protective factors at the individual, family, and community levels and are guided by relevant psychosocial theories regarding the etiology of substance use and abuse. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiologic risk and protective factors, and evidence-based approaches that have been found to be most effective in preventing adolescent substance use and abuse. Exemplary school- and family-based prevention programs for universal (everyone in population), selected (members of at-risk groups), and indicated (at-risk individuals) target populations are reviewed, along with model community-based prevention approaches. Challenges remain in widely disseminating evidence-based prevention programs into schools, families, and communities.
在制定青少年药物滥用预防计划方面取得了重大进展。最有效的干预措施针对个人、家庭和社区层面的显著风险和保护因素,并以有关物质使用和滥用病因的相关社会心理理论为指导。本文回顾了预防青少年物质使用和滥用最有效的流行病学、病因风险和保护因素以及循证方法。还审查了针对普遍(人群中的每个人)、选择性(高危群体成员)和指示性(高危个体)目标人群的具有代表性的学校和基于家庭的预防计划,以及基于社区的预防方法模式。在将循证预防计划广泛传播到学校、家庭和社区方面仍然存在挑战。