Petraitis J, Flay B R, Miller T Q
Prevention Research Center, University of Illinois, Chicago.
Psychol Bull. 1995 Jan;117(1):67-86. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.67.
This article reviews 14 multivariate theories of experimental substance use (e.g., alcohol and marijuana use) among adolescents, including those theories that emphasize (a) substance-specific cognitions, (b) social learning processes, (c) commitment to conventional values and attachment to families, and (d) intrapersonal processes. Important similarities and differences among these theories are addressed, as are the conceptual boundaries of each theory. In an attempt to integrate existing theories, a framework is proposed that organizes their central constructs into 3 distinct types of influence (viz., social, attitudinal, and intrapersonal) and 3 distinct levels of influence (viz., proximal, distal, and ultimate). Implications for future theory development are discussed.
本文综述了14种关于青少年实验性物质使用（如酒精和大麻使用）的多变量理论，包括那些强调（a）特定物质认知、（b）社会学习过程、（c）对传统价值观的承诺和对家庭的依恋，以及（d）个人内部过程的理论。文中讨论了这些理论之间重要的异同点，以及每种理论的概念边界。为了整合现有理论，提出了一个框架，将其核心结构组织为3种不同类型的影响（即社会、态度和个人内部）和3个不同层次的影响（即近端、远端和最终）。还讨论了对未来理论发展的启示。
