UMR 1161 Virology, AFSSA LERPAZ, ENVA, INRA. 23 Avenue du General de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010 Oct;23(5):521-7. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833de683.
To discuss recent advances in characterising viral Hepatitis E (HEV) in nonendemic regions, with a special focus on epidemiology in high-income countries, different clinical aspects of the disease, possible zoonotic origin of these cases and the improvement of Hepatitis E diagnosis.
In high-income countries, most cases of Hepatitis E are acquired locally and not imported from endemic regions. Different genotypes are involved in indigenous cases than those in endemic regions. Particular population groups, such as transplant recipients, can be persistently infected by hepatitis E and develop chronic diseases. Viral hepatitis E is frequently observed in people in animal care occupations. Indeed, HEV has a large animal reservoir and this emerging disease in developed countries has probably a zoonotic origin.
Recent studies on viral Hepatitis E have shown that the epidemiology of the disease differs between endemic and nonendemic regions. Several lines of evidence suggest that Hepatitis E is more frequent than was suspected and that it has a possible animal origin. Particular attention must be paid to the possible chronic evolution of various forms of the disease. Surveillance of human cases and animal reservoirs must be developed further.
讨论非流行地区戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）的最新特征，特别关注高收入国家的流行病学、疾病的不同临床方面、这些病例可能的动物起源以及戊型肝炎诊断的改进。
在高收入国家，大多数 HEV 病例是在当地获得的，而不是从流行地区输入的。与流行地区相比，本土病例涉及不同的基因型。某些特定人群，如移植受者，可能会被戊型肝炎持续感染并发展为慢性疾病。在从事动物护理工作的人群中，经常观察到病毒性肝炎 E。事实上，HEV 有一个大型动物宿主，这种在发达国家出现的新兴疾病可能具有动物起源。
最近关于病毒性肝炎 E 的研究表明，疾病的流行地区和非流行地区的流行病学存在差异。有几条证据表明，戊型肝炎比人们怀疑的更为常见，并且可能具有动物起源。必须特别注意各种形式疾病的可能慢性演变。必须进一步加强对人类病例和动物宿主的监测。
