Goldsmith R, Nahmias J, Schantz P, Peleg H, Shtamler B, el-On J
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco 94113-0560.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1991 Jan-Feb;85(1):98-100. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(91)90175-x.
Hydatid disease (echinococcosis), formerly endemic in the area of Israel, has occurred only sporadically in the past 40 years, mostly in immigrants. An unusual spatial and temporal cluster of surgically confirmed infections in northern Israel led to a review of echinococcosis hospital records. This revealed a resurgence of the disease in some rural and semirural Arab and Druze communities. Between 1960 and 1989, 224 cases of hydatid disease were surgically confirmed in residents of these communities. During this period, as the Arab-Druze population doubled, the mean annual surgical incidence of new cases per 100,000 rose 5-fold from 1.4 to 7.1. In Yirka, a Druze community of 7500 persons, from which no cases were known before 1970 and in which 52 cases were surgically confirmed thereafter, the mean annual surgical incidence for 1980-1989 rose to 53/100,000, to become one of the highly endemic areas of the world. The probable explanation of the outbreak is that, since 1967 with the opening of the border, importation of infected sheep has occurred from the hydatid-endemic West Bank region to individual homes in the communities in northern Israel. The sheep are raised to maturity in pens before home slaughtering; the offal, available to dogs, resulted in canine and then human infections.
包虫病（棘球蚴病）曾在以色列地区流行，在过去40年中仅偶有发生，大多出现在移民中。以色列北部出现了手术确诊感染病例的异常时空聚集，促使对包虫病医院记录进行审查。这揭示了该病在一些农村和半农村阿拉伯及德鲁兹社区的再度流行。1960年至1989年期间，这些社区居民中有224例包虫病经手术确诊。在此期间，随着阿拉伯-德鲁兹人口翻倍，每10万居民中新病例的年手术发病率从1.4上升到7.1，增长了5倍。在伊尔卡，一个有7500人的德鲁兹社区，1970年前尚无病例报告，此后有52例经手术确诊，1980年至1989年的年手术发病率升至53/10万，成为世界上高度流行的地区之一。此次疫情爆发的可能原因是，自1967年边境开放以来，受感染的绵羊从包虫病流行的约旦河西岸地区被引入到以色列北部社区的各家各户。绵羊在圈中饲养至成熟后在家中宰杀；内脏可供狗食用，导致犬类感染，进而引发人类感染。
