Psychology Department, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2011 Jul;36(6):708-17. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq065. Epub 2010 Aug 6.
Using a prospective design, this research examined supervision of young elementary-school children at home and how this relates to child injury, parent permissiveness, and children's risk-taking propensity.
Mothers reported children's history of injuries and recorded home supervision over a 2-month interval on a weekly basis. Children independently completed diaries about daily events, including injuries.
Children spent 24% of time alone, mostly supervised intermittently or not at all. Parent permissiveness was associated with increased time unsupervised, while children's risk-taking propensity was associated with decreased time unsupervised. Greater direct supervision was associated with fewer injuries, while more indirect and non-supervision time emerged as risk factors and were associated with more frequent injury.
These results extend those from preschool-aged children and suggest that caregiver supervision influences risk of injury across a broad age range throughout childhood. Implications for children's safety are discussed.
本研究采用前瞻性设计，考察了在家中对小学生的监督情况，以及这种监督与儿童伤害、父母宽容度和儿童冒险倾向之间的关系。
母亲报告了孩子的受伤史，并在 2 个月的时间间隔内每周记录在家的监督情况。孩子们独立地完成了关于日常事件的日记，包括受伤情况。
孩子们有 24%的时间是独处的，大多数情况下是间歇性监督或完全无人监督。父母的宽容度与无人监督的时间增加有关，而孩子的冒险倾向与无人监督的时间减少有关。更多的直接监督与较少的受伤有关，而更多的间接监督和无人监督时间则成为危险因素，与更频繁的受伤有关。
这些结果扩展了来自学龄前儿童的研究结果，表明看护者的监督影响了整个儿童期广泛年龄段的受伤风险。讨论了对儿童安全的影响。
