Division of Autism Services, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010 Oct;12(5):382-8. doi: 10.1007/s11920-010-0145-3.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are frequently marked by symptoms consistent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), namely inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent work has established that about half of the ASD population also meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD, although the comorbid diagnoses are precluded by the DSM-IV-TR. Individuals with co-occurring ASD and ADHD symptoms are more severely impaired, with significant deficits seen in social processing, adaptive functioning, and executive control. Children with ASD and ADHD symptoms are also prone to motor problems, which lead to especially poor outcomes. Recent work has also demonstrated high rates of ASD symptoms in a subset of children with ADHD. Medication studies have demonstrated the efficacy of methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and guanfacine, among others, in treating ADHD symptoms co-occurring with ASD. However, these effects were not as great as those seen when treating primary ADHD, and they are less well-tolerated in the ASD population.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）常伴有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的症状，如注意力不集中、多动和冲动。最近的研究表明，大约一半的 ASD 患者也符合 ADHD 的诊断标准，尽管 DSM-IV-TR 排除了共病诊断。同时患有 ASD 和 ADHD 症状的个体受到更严重的损害，在社会处理、适应功能和执行控制方面存在明显缺陷。同时患有 ASD 和 ADHD 症状的儿童也容易出现运动问题，导致预后特别差。最近的研究还表明，在一部分 ADHD 儿童中存在 ASD 症状。药物研究表明，哌醋甲酯、托莫西汀和胍法辛等药物在治疗 ASD 共患 ADHD 症状方面有效。然而，这些效果不如治疗原发性 ADHD 时明显，且在 ASD 人群中耐受性较差。
