注意缺陷多动障碍与自闭症谱系障碍：寻求更好的诊断与管理。
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Towards Better Diagnosis and Management.
机构信息
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Med Arch. 2024;78(2):159-163. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2024.78.159-163.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHA) is one of the most common comorbid disorders of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that can accompany autism, triggered by it, or be a consequence of it.
OBJECTIVE
This review explored the prevalence of the comorbidity of both disorders, neurobiological background, symptoms, latest assessment methods, and therapeutic approaches. It concluded that effective assessment, diagnosis and management of ADHD in ASD children and adults is essential for this group of patients to thrive and live a good quality of life. Further research is recommended to explore the most effective intervention for such important members of our society.
CONCLUSION
More studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these comorbidities, and to prevent the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of these disorders. Also, to develop up to date personalized therapeutic plans for such children.
摘要
背景
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHA）是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）最常见的共患病之一，可伴随自闭症出现，也可由自闭症引发，或是自闭症的后果。
目的
本综述探讨了这两种疾病共病的患病率、神经生物学背景、症状、最新评估方法和治疗方法。结论认为，对自闭症儿童和成人的 ADHA 进行有效评估、诊断和管理对这一群体的患者茁壮成长和过上高质量的生活至关重要。建议进一步研究以探索针对这一重要社会群体的最有效干预措施。
结论
需要进一步研究以了解这些共病的机制，并防止这些疾病的误诊和误治。此外，还应为这些儿童制定最新的个性化治疗计划。
相似文献
1
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Towards Better Diagnosis and Management.注意缺陷多动障碍与自闭症谱系障碍：寻求更好的诊断与管理。
Med Arch. 2024;78(2):159-163. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2024.78.159-163.
2
Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD: Overlapping Phenomenology, Diagnostic Issues, and Treatment Considerations.自闭症谱系障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍：重叠的表现、诊断问题和治疗注意事项。
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Mar 22;21(5):34. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1020-5.
3
Implications of comorbid ADHD in ASD interventions and outcome: Results from a naturalistic follow up study from south India.共患 ADHD 对 ASD 干预和结果的影响：来自印度南部自然随访研究的结果。
Asian J Psychiatr. 2018 Mar;33:68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.03.009. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
4
Sleep in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.自闭症谱系障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍中的睡眠问题
Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2015 Jun;22(2):113-25. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.03.006. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
5
[Autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: challenge in diagnosis and treatment].[自闭症谱系障碍与注意力缺陷多动障碍：诊断与治疗中的挑战]
Medicina (B Aires). 2022 Aug 30;82 Suppl 3:67-70.
6
Decreased interoceptive accuracy in children with autism spectrum disorder and with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.自闭症谱系障碍及伴注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的内感受准确性降低。
Autism Res. 2022 Apr;15(4):729-739. doi: 10.1002/aur.2679. Epub 2022 Jan 27.
7
A Causal and Mediation Analysis of the Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）共病的因果及中介分析
J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Jun;47(6):1595-1604. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3083-7.
8
An emotion recognition subtyping approach to studying the heterogeneity and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.一种情绪识别亚型方法，用于研究自闭症谱系障碍和注意缺陷/多动障碍的异质性和共病性。
J Neurodev Disord. 2018 Nov 15;10(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s11689-018-9249-6.
9
Clinical characteristics of boys with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.患有共病自闭症谱系障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍男孩的临床特征。
Pediatr Int. 2020 Feb;62(2):151-157. doi: 10.1111/ped.14105. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
10
[Comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit with hyperactivity. A review study].[自闭症谱系障碍与注意力缺陷多动障碍的共病。一项综述研究]
Rev Neurol. 2015 Feb 25;60 Suppl 1:S37-43.
引用本文的文献
1
NEXMIF overexpression is associated with autism-like behaviors and alterations in dendritic arborization and spine formation in mice.NEXMIF过表达与小鼠的自闭症样行为以及树突分支和棘突形成的改变有关。
Front Neurosci. 2025 Jun 18;19:1556570. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1556570. eCollection 2025.
2
Biomarkers for tracking metabolic changes pre-post nutritional epigenetics diet/intervention to prevent autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders in children.用于追踪营养表观遗传学饮食/干预前后代谢变化以预防儿童自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍的生物标志物。
World J Exp Med. 2025 Jun 20;15(2):101555. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.101555.
3
Longitudinal association between the duration of eye gaze fixation on social information and specific symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders in children: A large-scale community-based cohort study.儿童对社会信息的注视持续时间与神经发育障碍特定症状之间的纵向关联：一项基于社区的大规模队列研究。
PCN Rep. 2025 May 19;4(2):e70095. doi: 10.1002/pcn5.70095. eCollection 2025 Jun.
4
Prevalence of psychiatric and sleep disorders and their impact on quality of life in children with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: an observational study.活动度过高型埃勒斯-当洛综合征患儿精神和睡眠障碍的患病率及其对生活质量的影响：一项观察性研究
Rheumatol Int. 2025 Mar 25;45(4):81. doi: 10.1007/s00296-025-05836-0.
本文引用的文献
1
Identify aberrant white matter microstructure in ASD, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies.识别 ASD、ADHD 和其他神经发育障碍中的异常白质微观结构：扩散张量成像研究的荟萃分析。
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 8;113:110477. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110477. Epub 2021 Nov 16.
2
ADHD severity as a predictor of cognitive task performance in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).注意缺陷多动障碍严重程度作为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童认知任务表现的预测指标。
Res Dev Disabil. 2021 Apr;111:103882. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103882. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
3
Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in people with mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.心境障碍患者注意缺陷多动障碍的患病率：系统评价和荟萃分析。
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2021 May;143(5):380-391. doi: 10.1111/acps.13283. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
4
A systematic review evaluating the implementation of technologies to assess, monitor and treat neurodevelopmental disorders: A map of the current evidence.一项评估、监测和治疗神经发育障碍技术实施情况的系统评价：当前证据图谱。
Clin Psychol Rev. 2020 Aug;80:101870. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101870. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
5
Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: The ENIGMA adventure.注意力缺陷/多动障碍和自闭症谱系障碍的联盟神经科学：ENIGMA 冒险。
Hum Brain Mapp. 2022 Jan;43(1):37-55. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25029. Epub 2020 May 18.
6
Symptom scores and medication treatment patterns in children with ADHD versus autism.ADHD 与自闭症儿童的症状评分和药物治疗模式。
Psychiatry Res. 2020 Jun;288:112937. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112937. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
7
Overlaps and distinctions between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in young adulthood: Systematic review and guiding framework for EEG-imaging research.ADHD 与自闭症谱系障碍在青年期的重叠和区别：系统综述及 EEG 影像学研究的指导框架。
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Jan;96:93-115. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
8
Genetic and environmental contribution to the overlap between ADHD and ASD trait dimensions in young adults: a twin study.遗传和环境因素对青少年注意缺陷多动障碍和自闭症特质维度重叠的贡献：一项双胞胎研究。
Psychol Med. 2019 Jul;49(10):1713-1721. doi: 10.1017/S003329171800243X. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
9
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy.自闭症谱系障碍：分类、诊断与治疗。
Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Oct;190:91-104. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007. Epub 2018 May 12.
10
Testing the specificity of executive functioning impairments in adolescents with ADHD, ODD/CD and ASD.测试 ADHD、ODD/CD 和 ASD 青少年执行功能障碍的特异性。
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 Jul;27(7):899-908. doi: 10.1007/s00787-017-1089-5. Epub 2017 Dec 9.
Zotero 插件