Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Paseo del Prado de la Magdalena, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
Water Res. 2010 Oct;44(18):5129-49. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.013. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
Odorous emissions from sewers and wastewater treatment plants are a complex mixture of volatile chemicals that can cause annoyance to local populations, resulting in complaints to wastewater operators. Due to the variability in hedonic tone and chemical character of odorous emissions, no analytical technique can be applied universally for the assessment of odour abatement performance. Recent developments in analytical methodologies, specifically gas chromatography, odour assessment approaches (odour wheels, the odour profile method and dynamic olfactometry), and more recently combined gas chromatography-sensory analysis, have contributed to improvements in our ability to assesses odorous emissions in terms of odorant concentration and composition. This review collates existing knowledge with the aim of providing new insight into the effectiveness of sensorial and characterisation approaches to improve our understanding of the fate of odorous emissions during odour abatement. While research in non-specific sensor array (e-nose) technology has resulted in progress in the field of continuous odour monitoring, more successful long term case-studies are still needed to overcome the early overoptimistic performance expectations. Knowledge gaps still remain with regards to the decomposition of thermally unstable volatile compounds (especially sulfur compounds), the inability to predict synergistic, antagonistic, or additive interactions among odorants in combined chemical/sensorial analysis techniques, and the long term stability of chemical sensors due to sensor drift, aging, temperature/relative humidity effects, and temporal variations. Future odour abatement monitoring will require the identification of key odorants to facilitate improved process selection, design and management.
污水和废水处理厂的恶臭排放物是挥发性化学物质的复杂混合物，会引起当地居民的不适，导致向废水处理运营商投诉。由于恶臭排放物的愉快音调和化学特性存在差异，因此没有一种分析技术可以普遍应用于评估恶臭减排性能。分析方法的最新进展，特别是气相色谱法、恶臭评估方法（气味轮、气味剖面法和动态嗅闻法），以及最近的气相色谱-感官分析相结合，有助于提高我们评估恶臭排放物在气味浓度和组成方面的能力。本综述汇集了现有知识，旨在为感官和特征化方法的有效性提供新的见解，以提高我们对恶臭减排过程中恶臭排放物命运的理解。虽然非特定传感器阵列（电子鼻）技术的研究在连续恶臭监测领域取得了进展，但仍需要更多成功的长期案例研究来克服早期过于乐观的性能预期。在热不稳定性挥发性化合物（尤其是硫化合物）的分解、在化学/感官分析技术中预测气味剂之间协同、拮抗或相加相互作用的能力，以及由于传感器漂移、老化、温度/相对湿度影响和时间变化导致化学传感器的长期稳定性方面，仍存在知识差距。未来的恶臭减排监测需要确定关键气味剂，以促进改进的工艺选择、设计和管理。
