Wang Zhen-Yu, Zhao Jian, Li Na, Li Feng-Min, Xing Bao-Shan
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2010 Jun;31(6):1409-18.
With the rapid development of nanotechnology and widespread use of nanoproducts, ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) attracts increasing attention and research. This paper reviews the ecotoxicity and mechanisms of NPs to aquatic organisms systematically. Toxic effects of different classes of NPs to bacteria, algae, invertebrates and fish in aquatic environments were firstly summarized, possible toxicity mechanisms were then expounded and the relationship between toxicity mechanisms and unique physicochemical properties of NPs was also analyzed. The processes of NPs uptake and membrane penetration at the cell and molecular level were discussed and presented. In the natural water, NPs behaviors are influenced by water chemistry conditions, so toxic effect to aquatic organisms is different from that in laboratory conditions, which should be paid with increased attention and effort. Finally, bottle-necks and challenges of NPs ecotoxicity research and existing problems of test and analytical methods were analyzed and the future directions of research were suggested.
随着纳米技术的迅速发展和纳米产品的广泛应用，工程纳米颗粒（NPs）的生态毒性吸引了越来越多的关注和研究。本文系统地综述了纳米颗粒对水生生物的生态毒性及其作用机制。首先总结了不同类型纳米颗粒对水生环境中细菌、藻类、无脊椎动物和鱼类的毒性效应，然后阐述了可能的毒性机制，并分析了毒性机制与纳米颗粒独特理化性质之间的关系。讨论并介绍了纳米颗粒在细胞和分子水平上的摄取和膜穿透过程。在天然水体中，纳米颗粒的行为受水化学条件的影响，因此对水生生物的毒性效应与实验室条件下不同，对此应给予更多关注和研究。最后，分析了纳米颗粒生态毒性研究的瓶颈和挑战以及测试和分析方法存在的问题，并提出了未来的研究方向。
