Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Oct;98:231-239. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.08.003. Epub 2018 Aug 7.
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are increasingly being applied in many consumer products due to their unique properties. Widespread use of Ag-NPs leads to an increasing human exposure to Ag-NPs in many different pathways. This review summarized the toxicity mechanisms of Ag-NPs based on various environmentally relevant test species, such as bacteria, cells, plants, aquatic animals and mammals, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Nanoparticles were usually exposed to combination chemicals but to single chemicals in the environment and thereby exert combined toxicities to the organisms. Therefore, the joint effects of nanomaterials and their co-existing characteristics were also discussed. The current knowledge gaps and safe product designs of Ag-NPs have been discussed in detail. The limited and existing data implied that understanding the toxicity mechanisms is crucial to the future research development of nanomaterials.
由于具有独特的性质，银纳米粒子（Ag-NPs）越来越多地应用于许多消费品中。Ag-NPs 的广泛使用导致人们通过多种不同途径接触 Ag-NPs 的机会增加。本综述根据各种与环境相关的测试物种（如细菌、细胞、植物、水生动物和哺乳动物）的体外和体内实验，总结了 Ag-NPs 的毒性机制。在环境中，纳米颗粒通常会同时接触组合化学物质和单一化学物质，从而对生物体产生联合毒性。因此，还讨论了纳米材料及其共存特性的联合效应。详细讨论了 Ag-NPs 的当前知识空白和安全产品设计。有限的现有数据表明，了解毒性机制对于纳米材料的未来研究发展至关重要。
