Laboratorio de Virologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.
J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Dec;109(6):1979-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04827.x.
To assess the presence of human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A (HAV) virus and rotavirus A (RV-A) in environmental samples from the Southern region of Brazil and to provide viral contamination data for further epidemiological studies and governmental actions.
Water samples from various sources (seawater, lagoon brackish water, urban wastewater, drinking water sources-with and without chlorination and water derived from a polluted creek) and oysters of two growing areas were analysed by enzymatic amplification (nested PCR and RT-PCR), quantification of HAdV genome (qPCR) and viral viability assay by integrated cell culture-PCR (ICC-PCR). From June 2007 to May 2008 in a total of 84 water samples, 54 (64·2%) were positive for HAdV, 16 (19%) for RV-A and 7 (8·3%) for HAV. Viability assays showed nonpositive samples for HAV; though, infectious viruses were confirmed for RV-A (12·5%) and HAdV (88·8%). Oyster samples by PCR were positive for HAdV (87·5%) and RV-A (8·3%), but none for HAV. Quantitative PCR in oysters showed means loads in genomic copies (gc) of 9·1 × 10(4) gc g(-1) (oyster farm south) and 1·5 × 10(5) gc g(-1) (oyster farm north) and in waters ranging from 2·16 × 10(6) (lagoon water) to 1·33 × 10(7) gc l(-1) (untreated drinking water).
This study has shown a widespread distribution of the analysed viruses in this particular region with high loads of HAdV in the environment which suggests the relevance of evaluating these viruses as positive indicators of viral contamination of water.
The environmental approach in this study provides data concerning the prevalence, viability and quantification of enteric viruses in environmental waters and oysters in the South region of Brazil and has indicated that their presence might pose a risk to population in contact with the environmental samples searched.
评估巴西南部地区环境样本中人类腺病毒（HAdV）、甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）和轮状病毒 A（RV-A）的存在情况，并为进一步的流行病学研究和政府行动提供病毒污染数据。
对来自不同来源的水样（海水、泻湖微咸水、城市废水、有和无氯消毒的饮用水源以及受污染溪流的水）和两个养殖区的牡蛎进行了酶扩增（巢式 PCR 和 RT-PCR）、HAdV 基因组定量（qPCR）和整合细胞培养-PCR（ICC-PCR）的病毒活力检测。2007 年 6 月至 2008 年 5 月，共检测了 84 份水样，其中 54 份（64.2%）HAdV 阳性，16 份（19%）RV-A 阳性，7 份（8.3%）HAV 阳性。HAV 的活力检测显示非阳性样本；然而，RV-A（12.5%）和 HAdV（88.8%）的感染性病毒得到了确认。PCR 检测牡蛎样本 HAdV 阳性（87.5%），RV-A 阳性（8.3%），但 HAV 均为阴性。牡蛎中定量 PCR 显示基因组拷贝数（gc）的平均值为 9.1×10（4）gc/g（南部牡蛎养殖场）和 1.5×10（5）gc/g（北部牡蛎养殖场），而水中的范围从 2.16×10（6）（泻湖水）到 1.33×10（7）gc/l（未经处理的饮用水）。
本研究表明，在所研究的特定地区，这些病毒广泛分布，环境中 HAdV 的载量很高，这表明评估这些病毒作为水污染的阳性指示物具有重要意义。
本研究中的环境方法提供了巴西南部地区环境水样和牡蛎中肠道病毒的流行情况、活力和定量数据，并表明其存在可能对接触所研究环境样本的人群构成风险。
