Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
Viruses. 2022 Oct 26;14(11):2359. doi: 10.3390/v14112359.
Viral bivalve contamination is a recognized food safety hazard. Therefore, this study investigated the detection rates, seasonality, quantification, and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in bivalve samples (mussels and oysters). We collected 97 shellfish samples between March 2018 and February 2020. The screening of samples by qPCR or RT-qPCR revealed the detection of norovirus (42.3%), rotavirus A (RVA; 16.5%), human adenovirus (HAdV; 24.7%), and human bocavirus (HBoV; 13.4%). There was no detection of hepatitis A virus. In total, 58.8% of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, with 42.1% of positive samples contaminated with two or more viruses. Norovirus showed the highest median viral load (3.3 × 10 GC/g), followed by HAdV (median of 3.5 × 10 GC/g), RVA (median of 1.5 × 10 GC/g), and HBoV (median of 1.3 × 10 GC/g). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that norovirus strains belonged to genotype GII.12[P16], RVA to genotype I2, HAdV to types -C2, -C5, and -F40, and HBoV to genotypes -1 and -2. Our results demonstrate the viral contamination of bivalves, emphasizing the need for virological monitoring programs to ensure the quality and safety of shellfish for human consumption and as a valuable surveillance tool to monitor emerging viruses and novel variants.
贝类病毒污染是公认的食品安全危害。因此，本研究调查了贝类样本（贻贝和牡蛎）中肠道病毒的检出率、季节性、定量和遗传多样性。我们于 2018 年 3 月至 2020 年 2 月期间收集了 97 份贝类样本。通过 qPCR 或 RT-qPCR 对样本进行筛查，发现检测到诺如病毒（42.3%）、轮状病毒 A（RVA；16.5%）、人腺病毒（HAdV；24.7%）和人博卡病毒（HBoV；13.4%）。未检测到甲型肝炎病毒。共有 58.8%的贝类样本检测出一种或多种病毒阳性，其中 42.1%的阳性样本污染了两种或两种以上病毒。诺如病毒的中位病毒载量最高（3.3×10 GC/g），其次是 HAdV（中位值为 3.5×10 GC/g）、RVA（中位值为 1.5×10 GC/g）和 HBoV（中位值为 1.3×10 GC/g）。系统进化分析显示，诺如病毒株属于基因型 GII.12[P16]，RVA 属于基因型 I2，HAdV 属于类型-C2、-C5 和 -F40，HBoV 属于基因型-1 和 -2。我们的研究结果表明贝类受到病毒污染，强调需要进行病毒学监测计划，以确保贝类的质量和安全，供人类食用，并作为监测新兴病毒和新型变异的有价值的监测工具。
