Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
J Epidemiol. 2010;20(5):408-12. doi: 10.2188/jea.je20090207. Epub 2010 Aug 7.
Although the prevalences of obesity and hypertension (HT) are increasing in children, there have been few epidemiological studies of HT in Japanese children. We evaluated the prevalences of HT and high-normal blood pressure (HNBP), and examined the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI), in Japanese children.
The subjects of this study were 2420 children living in the town of Ina, Saitama Prefecture, Japan during the period from 2006 through 2008. Body height, weight, and BP were measured. HT and HNBP were defined according to the HT criteria for Japanese children. Children with HNBP or HT were defined as having high blood pressure (HBP).
The prevalences of HBP were 15.9% and 15.8% in fourth-grade boys and girls, respectively, and 11.1% and 10.8% in seventh-grade boys and girls, respectively. Irrespective of sex or grade level, a higher BMI was associated with a higher prevalence of HBP (P < 0.001). When compared with the <50th percentile BMI category, the crude odds ratios (ORs) were statistically significant for the 75th to 84th percentile category in fourth-grade boys (OR: 4.54, 95% CI: 2.36-8.76), the ≥95th percentile in fourth-grade girls (13.29, 5.93-29.77), the 85th to 94th percentile (3.16, 1.46-6.84) in seventh-grade boys, and the ≥95th percentile (7.96, 3.18-19.93) in seventh-grade girls.
BMI was associated with HBP in Japanese school children. In addition, some children in the lower BMI categories also had HBP.
尽管肥胖和高血压（HT）在儿童中的患病率正在上升，但针对日本儿童 HT 的流行病学研究却很少。我们评估了日本儿童 HT 和高正常血压（HNBP）的患病率，并检查了血压（BP）与体重指数（BMI）之间的关系。
本研究的对象是 2006 年至 2008 年期间居住在埼玉县稻荷町的 2420 名儿童。测量了身高、体重和血压。根据日本儿童 HT 标准定义 HT 和 HNBP。患有 HNBP 或 HT 的儿童被定义为患有高血压（HBP）。
四年级男生和女生 HBP 的患病率分别为 15.9%和 15.8%，七年级男生和女生分别为 11.1%和 10.8%。无论性别或年级水平如何，较高的 BMI 与较高的 HBP 患病率相关（P < 0.001）。与<50 百分位 BMI 类别相比，四年级男生 75 至 84 百分位类别（OR：4.54，95%CI：2.36-8.76）、四年级女生≥95 百分位类别（13.29，5.93-29.77）、七年级男生 85 至 94 百分位类别（3.16，1.46-6.84）和七年级女生≥95 百分位类别（7.96，3.18-19.93）的粗比值比（OR）具有统计学意义。
BMI 与日本学龄儿童的 HBP 相关。此外，一些 BMI 较低类别的儿童也患有 HBP。
