Department of Medicine, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Maturitas. 2010 Nov;67(3):256-61. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.07.005. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
Risk factors for bone loss among the elderly are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to examine longitudinal bone loss in the hip in one-hundred and sixty-two 75-year-old women. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm(2)) was measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and after 4 years. The relationship between changes in BMD during follow-up and the following factors; baseline BMD, baseline weight, weight change, baseline lean and fat body mass (measured with DXA), serum values of biochemical markers and hormones, nutritional and lifestyle factors according to a questionnaire was assessed. The annual mean (SD) change in femoral neck BMD was -0.31% (1.38) in total trochanter -0.35% (1.15) and total hip -0.34% (1.10) and did not differ significantly between measurement sites. Bisphosphonate users had a 2.9%, 1.7% and 1.9% mean adjusted increase in femoral neck, total trochanter and total hip BMD respectively, different from none-users (p<0.05). Subjects with more than three weekly physical activity sessions had less femoral neck bone loss than less active women (p<0.05). The proportion of the variance in BMD changes explained by multivariate models (R(2)) was 12-13%. Women gaining weight had less loss of BMD than those losing weight in the trochanter and the total hip (p<0.001), and in the femoral neck (p=0.055). Elderly women should be advised to maintain their body weight and participate in physical activity. Despite the large number of variables examined in this study, bone loss occurring with increased age is not thoroughly explained.
老年人骨质流失的风险因素在很大程度上是未知的。本研究的目的是检查 162 名 75 岁女性髋关节的纵向骨质流失。基线和 4 年后使用双能 X 线吸收法（DXA）测量骨矿物质密度（BMD，g/cm(2)）。根据问卷评估了随访期间 BMD 变化与以下因素之间的关系：基线 BMD、基线体重、体重变化、基线瘦体重和脂肪体重（用 DXA 测量）、血清生化标志物和激素值、营养和生活方式因素。股骨颈 BMD 的年平均（SD）变化在总转子为-0.31%（1.38），总髋部为-0.35%（1.15），与测量部位无显著差异。双膦酸盐使用者的股骨颈、总转子和总髋部 BMD 的平均调整增加分别为 2.9%、1.7%和 1.9%，与非使用者不同（p<0.05）。每周进行三次以上体育活动的受试者的股骨颈骨丢失比不活跃的女性少（p<0.05）。多变量模型（R(2)）解释 BMD 变化的比例为 12-13%。体重增加的女性比体重减轻的女性在转子和总髋部（p<0.001）和股骨颈（p=0.055）的 BMD 丢失更少。应建议老年女性保持体重并参加体育活动。尽管本研究检查了大量变量，但仍无法彻底解释随着年龄增长而发生的骨质流失。
