不同培养条件下部分镰刀菌属真菌产毒情况。
Mycotoxin production of selected Fusarium species at different culture conditions.
机构信息
Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Chemistry and Toxicology Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
出版信息
Int J Food Microbiol. 2010 Sep 30;143(1-2):17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.07.015. Epub 2010 Jul 16.
The toxin producing capacity of seven Fusarium species (F. langsethiae, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, F. avenaceum, F. tricinctum, F. graminearum and F. culmorum) and the effect of culture conditions on the toxin production were studied. The strains were isolated from Finnish grains and cultivated on a grain mixture at three different water activity/temperature combinations (i.e. 0.994/15 degrees C; 0.994/25 degrees C; 0.960/25 degrees C). The mycotoxins produced were analyzed with a multi-toxin method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enabling the simultaneous determination of 18 different Fusarium toxins. The general toxin profiles revealed F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides as producers of diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, HT-2 and T-2-toxins. F. sporotrichioides produced additionally beauvericin. In the F. poae cultures, only beauvericin was detected. F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum were capable of producing enniatins, moniliformin and antibiotic Y, and F. graminearum and F. culmorum produced zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol. Differences existed in the quantitative toxin production between the individual strains representing the same species. Additionally, the culture conditions affected the range and amounts of toxins produced. In general, a(w) 0.994 and temperature of 15 degrees C favoured the type-A trichothecene production of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. The beauvericin production of F. sporotrichioides occurred more favourably at a(w) 0.960 and 25 degrees C. F. poae produced the highest concentrations of beauvericin under two different conditions, namely at a(w) 0.994/15 degrees C and a(w) 0.960/25 degrees C. None of the combinations particularly favoured toxin production of F. avenaceum, with all three toxins being produced extensively at all culture conditions. F. tricinctum produced enniatins most efficiently at a(w) 0.994/25 degrees C. The moniliformin production of both these two species occurred readily at a(w) 0.960/25 degrees C. F. culmorum and F. graminearum produced the highest concentrations and variety of mycotoxins at a(w) 0.960/25 degrees C. The results give valuable information on the toxigenicity of some important Fusarium species. Additionally, this is the first in-depth study to investigate the influence of environmental conditions on the toxin production by F. langsethiae, F. poae, F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum.
本研究旨在探究七种镰刀菌（F. langsethiae、F. sporotrichioides、F. poae、F. avenaceum、F. tricinctum、F. graminearum 和 F. culmorum）的产毒能力以及培养条件对产毒的影响。这些菌株是从芬兰谷物中分离出来的，并在三种不同的水活度/温度组合（即 0.994/15°C、0.994/25°C 和 0.960/25°C）下的谷物混合物上进行培养。采用基于液相色谱-串联质谱的多毒素分析方法分析了产生的霉菌毒素，该方法能够同时测定 18 种不同的镰刀菌毒素。总的毒素图谱显示，F. langsethiae 和 F. sporotrichioides 是二乙酰基麦角碱、新茄病镰刀菌醇、HT-2 和 T-2 毒素的产生菌。F. sporotrichioides 还产生了 beauvericin。在 F. poae 培养物中，仅检测到 beauvericin。F. avenaceum 和 F. tricinctum 能够产生恩镰菌素、单端孢霉烯族毒素和抗生素 Y，而 F. graminearum 和 F. culmorum 则产生玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和 3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。代表相同物种的不同菌株之间的定量毒素产生存在差异。此外，培养条件还影响产生的毒素种类和数量。一般来说，a(w)0.994 和 15°C 的温度有利于 F. langsethiae 和 F. sporotrichioides 产生 A 型曲霉菌。F. sporotrichioides 的 beauvericin 产量在 a(w)0.960 和 25°C 下更为有利。F. poae 在两种不同条件下产生了最高浓度的 beauvericin，即在 a(w)0.994/15°C 和 a(w)0.960/25°C。没有一种组合特别有利于 F. avenaceum 的产毒，所有三种毒素在所有培养条件下都广泛产生。F. tricinctum 在 a(w)0.994/25°C 下最有效地产生恩镰菌素。这两种物种的单端孢霉烯族毒素都很容易在 a(w)0.960/25°C 下产生。F. culmorum 和 F. graminearum 在 a(w)0.960/25°C 下产生了最高浓度和最多种类的霉菌毒素。这些结果为一些重要镰刀菌的产毒能力提供了有价值的信息。此外，这是首次深入研究环境条件对 F. langsethiae、F. poae、F. avenaceum 和 F. tricinctum 产毒的影响。
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