Gavrilova O P, Gagkaeva T Yu, Orina A S, Gogina N N
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.
All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute, Sergiev Posad, Moscow oblast, Russia.
Dokl Biol Sci. 2023 Feb;508(1):9-19. doi: 10.1134/S0012496622700156. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
Up-to-date information on the occurrence of Fusarium fungi and their mycotoxins in the grain of wheat, barley and oats grown in the Urals and West Siberia in 2018‒2019 is presented. Mycological analysis of grain revealed at least 16 species of Fusarium fungi. The F. sporotrichioides, F. avenaceum, F. poae, and F. anguioides were predominant, and the proportions of these species among all Fusarium fungi found in the grain were 31, 20, 19, and 13%, respectively. Fusarium graminearum and its mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) are often occurred in grain mycobiota of cereal crops on the territory of both the Urals and West Siberia. New records of fungal species that are rare in the Asian territory of Russia were detected: F. langsethiae and F. sibiricum, which are mainly producers of type A trichothecene mycotoxins, were found in the Kurgan and Kemerovo regions, respectively. In addition, F. globosum that is able to produce fumonisins was detected in Altai Krai and Omsk region. The diversity of Fusarium species was higher in wheat and barley grain samples than in oats. The HPLC-MS/MS method was used to analyse the content of 19 mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi. The highest diversity of mycotoxins was found in wheat grain (maximum 12), compared with oats (9) and barley (8). The T-2 and HT-2 toxins, DON, nivalenol, moniliformin (MON) and beauvericin (BEA) occurred more often in the grain samples, compared with other mycotoxins, but their amounts varied significantly, depending on the weather conditions in sampling year and the plant species. The average content of DON (maximum amount was 375 µg/kg) in wheat grain was 5 times higher than its average content in barley grain, and this mycotoxin was not detected in oat grain. The contamination with T-2 and HT-toxins (maximum amounts were 2652 μg/kg and 481 μg/kg, respectively), as well as with BEA (maximum amount was 49 μg/kg) was typical for barley and oat grain samples. The content of MON (maximum amount was 50 μg/kg) in the grain of three different small grain cereals was similar.
本文提供了2018 - 2019年乌拉尔地区和西西伯利亚地区种植的小麦、大麦和燕麦籽粒中镰刀菌及其霉菌毒素发生情况的最新信息。对谷物的真菌学分析发现了至少16种镰刀菌。拟枝孢镰刀菌、燕麦镰刀菌、梨孢镰刀菌和弯角镰刀菌占主导地位，这些菌种在谷物中发现的所有镰刀菌中所占比例分别为31%、20%、19%和13%。禾谷镰刀菌及其霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）在乌拉尔地区和西西伯利亚地区的谷物微生物区系中经常出现。在俄罗斯亚洲地区发现了罕见真菌物种的新记录：分别在库尔干地区和克麦罗沃地区发现了主要产生A型单端孢霉烯族霉菌毒素的兰氏镰刀菌和西伯利亚镰刀菌。此外，在阿尔泰边疆区和鄂木斯克地区检测到了能够产生伏马毒素的球形镰刀菌。小麦和大麦籽粒样本中镰刀菌物种的多样性高于燕麦。采用高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（HPLC - MS/MS）分析了镰刀菌产生的19种霉菌毒素的含量。与燕麦（9种）和大麦（8种）相比，在小麦籽粒中发现的霉菌毒素多样性最高（最多12种）。与其他霉菌毒素相比，T - 2毒素、HT - 2毒素、DON、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、串珠镰刀菌素（MON）和白僵菌素（BEA）在谷物样本中出现得更频繁，但它们的含量因采样年份的天气条件和植物种类而有显著差异。小麦籽粒中DON的平均含量（最高含量为375μg/kg）比大麦籽粒中的平均含量高5倍，在燕麦籽粒中未检测到这种霉菌毒素。T - 2毒素和HT - 毒素（最高含量分别为2652μg/kg和481μg/kg）以及BEA（最高含量为49μg/kg）的污染在大麦和燕麦籽粒样本中较为典型。三种不同小粒谷物籽粒中MON的含量（最高含量为50μg/kg）相似。
