Guinan John J
Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Oct;18(5):447-53. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32833e05d6.
This review covers topics relevant to olivocochlear-efferent anatomy and function for which there are new findings in papers from 2009 to early 2010.
Work within the review period has increased our understanding of medial olivocochlear (MOC) mechanisms in outer hair cells, MOC-reflex tuning, MOC effects on distortion product otoacoustic emissions, the time course of MOC effects, MOC effects in psychophysical tests and on understanding speech, MOC effects in attention and learning, and lateral efferent function in binaural hearing. In addition, there are new insights into efferent molecular mechanisms and their effect on cochlear development.
Techniques for measuring efferent effects using otoacoustic emissions are now well developed and have promise in clinical applications ranging from predicting which patients are susceptible to acoustic trauma to characterizing relationships between efferent activation and learning disabilities. To realize this promise, studies are needed in which these techniques are applied with high standards.
本综述涵盖了与橄榄耳蜗传出神经解剖结构和功能相关的主题，2009年至2010年初发表的论文中有关于这些主题的新发现。
在本综述期间的研究增进了我们对外侧橄榄耳蜗（MOC）在外毛细胞中的机制、MOC反射调谐、MOC对畸变产物耳声发射的影响、MOC效应的时间进程、MOC在心理物理学测试及对言语理解中的作用、MOC在注意力和学习中的作用以及双耳听觉中传出神经功能的理解。此外，对传出神经分子机制及其对耳蜗发育的影响有了新的认识。
利用耳声发射测量传出神经效应的技术现已得到充分发展，并有望应用于临床，从预测哪些患者易受声损伤到确定传出神经激活与学习障碍之间的关系。为实现这一前景，需要开展高标准应用这些技术的研究。
