Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010 Oct;6(10):569-76. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.108. Epub 2010 Aug 17.
Self tolerance is dependent on mechanisms that operate on T cells and B cells from the earliest stages, that is, from when they first express anti-self-receptors in the primary lymphoid organs of the thymus and bone marrow, all the way through to when they engage with self antigens in the peripheral immune system and within tissues themselves. This continuum of checkpoints and fail-safes ensures that the risk of developing harmful autoimmune diseases remains very small. Certain tissues have a degree of privilege that allows them to mute the immune response against them by mechanisms that are also well represented in cancers. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms of self tolerance is hoped to spawn a new range of therapeutics designed to both reprogram the immune system to avoid long-term intense immunosuppression, and to override the immune system to achieve more effective immunity against cancers and persistent viral infections.
自身耐受依赖于在最早阶段（即从它们在胸腺和骨髓的初级淋巴器官中首次表达抗自身受体开始）作用于 T 细胞和 B 细胞的机制，一直到它们在周围免疫系统和组织自身中与自身抗原相互作用时为止。这一连串的检查点和故障安全机制确保了发展有害自身免疫性疾病的风险仍然非常小。某些组织具有一定的特权，使它们能够通过在癌症中也有很好体现的机制来抑制针对它们的免疫反应。对自身耐受的潜在机制的理解有望产生一系列新的治疗方法，旨在重新编程免疫系统以避免长期的强烈免疫抑制，并克服免疫系统以实现更有效的针对癌症和持续病毒感染的免疫。
