Pönnighaus J M, Mwanjasi L J, Fine P E, Shaw M A, Turner A C, Oxborrow S M, Lucas S B, Jenkins P A, Sterne J A, Bliss L
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England, U.K.
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1991 Jun;59(2):221-8.
A case control study was undertaken during 1988 and 1989 within the framework of the LEPRA Evaluation Project (LEP)/Karonga Prevention Trail (KPT) in Karonga District, northern Malawi, to investigate whether HIV infection is a risk factor for clinical leprosy. Cases were newly ascertained, biopsy-confirmed, incident leprosy patients older than 14 years of age. Controls were selected from the computer data base on over 170,000 people who form the basis of LEP/KPT. They were matched for sex, age, and area of residence. HIV seropositivity rates were 1.8% (2/112) for incident leprosy cases and 2.4% (24/1011) for controls. The Mantel Haenszel odds ratio is 0.6 (95% confidence interval 0.1-3.3). Thus, no evidence for an association between HIV infection and leprosy incidence has been observed in this population. In a parallel investigation, an odds ratio of 7.4% (95% confidence interval 3.3-16.7) was found for 102 microscopy- and/or culture-confirmed, incident pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the same population during 1989, a result similar to those obtained elsewhere in Africa. Among leprosy relapses, 16.7% (2/12) were HIV positive.
1988年至1989年期间，在马拉维北部卡龙加区的麻风病评估项目（LEP）/卡龙加预防试验（KPT）框架内进行了一项病例对照研究，以调查HIV感染是否为临床麻风病的危险因素。病例为新确诊的、经活检证实的14岁以上的麻风病现患患者。对照从构成LEP/KPT基础的17万多人的计算机数据库中选取。他们在性别、年龄和居住地区方面进行了匹配。麻风病现患病例的HIV血清阳性率为1.8%（2/112），对照为2.4%（24/1011）。Mantel Haenszel比值比为0.6（95%置信区间0.1 - 3.3）。因此，在该人群中未观察到HIV感染与麻风病发病率之间存在关联的证据。在一项平行调查中，1989年在同一人群中对102例经显微镜检查和/或培养确诊的肺结核现患病例发现比值比为7.4%（95%置信区间3.3 - 16.7），这一结果与在非洲其他地方获得的结果相似。在麻风病复发患者中，16.7%（2/12）为HIV阳性。
