URMITE CNRS UMR 6236-IRD 3R198, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 48, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Mar;89(3):373-82. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0510270. Epub 2010 Aug 18.
Intracellular pathogens have developed different strategies to survive within host cells. For example, these pathogens might interfere with the biogenesis of phagolysosomes, thereby forming replicative vacuoles. Although the complex mechanisms used by pathogens to hijack the biogenesis of phagolysosomes have been elucidated in naive leukocytes, the role of leukocyte activation in this process has not yet been investigated. Leukocytes are known to be activated by cytokines, and several reports have demonstrated that several cytokines modulate the endocytic pathway and thereby, affect phagosome biogenesis. These observations provide molecular evidence that endocytosis can be regulated by the immune environment. In this review, we highlight the effect of leukocyte activation by cytokines on the endocytic pathway and on phagosome biogenesis. We briefly describe the mechanism of phagolysosome formation before focusing on the strategies used by two bacterial pathogens, Coxiella burnetii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to hijack phagolysosome biogenesis. Finally, we emphasize the effect of leukocyte activation on the endocytic pathway and on phagolysosome formation, which has not been highlighted to date.
细胞内病原体已发展出不同的策略来在宿主细胞内存活。例如，这些病原体可能会干扰吞噬体的生物发生，从而形成复制空泡。尽管在未成熟的白细胞中已经阐明了病原体用于劫持吞噬体生物发生的复杂机制，但白细胞激活在该过程中的作用尚未得到研究。白细胞已知会被细胞因子激活，并且有几项报告表明，几种细胞因子可调节内吞作用途径，从而影响吞噬体生物发生。这些观察结果为内吞作用可以受免疫环境调节提供了分子证据。在这篇综述中，我们强调了细胞因子激活白细胞对内吞作用途径和吞噬体生物发生的影响。我们简要描述了吞噬溶酶体形成的机制，然后重点介绍了两种细菌病原体，柯克斯体和结核分枝杆菌，劫持吞噬溶酶体生物发生的策略。最后，我们强调了白细胞激活对内吞作用途径和吞噬溶酶体形成的影响，这一点迄今为止尚未得到强调。
