Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Ind Health. 2010;48(4):395-405. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.mssw-03.
There is evidence that work schedules may influence rates of unhealthy behaviors, suggesting that addressing work schedule challenges may improve health. Health Risk Assessment (HRA) survey responses were collected during 2000-2008 in a multinational chemical and coatings manufacturer. Responses of 26,442 were sufficiently complete for analysis. Rates of smoking, lack of exercise, moderate to high alcohol use, obesity (BMI > or = 30), and short sleep duration were compared by work schedule type (day, night, or rotating shift) and daily work hours (8, 10, or 12 h). Prevalence rate ratios (RRs) were calculated, adjusting for age group, sex, marital/living status, job tenure, and occupational group. The reference group was 8-h day shift employees. Overall prevalence rates were: sleep duration of 6 h or less per night 47%, smoking 17.3%, no exercise 22.0%, BMI > or = 30 28.3%, and moderate to heavy alcohol consumption 22.2%. Statistically significant RRs include the following: Short sleep duration: 10 h rotating shift (RR=1.6), 12 h day and 12 h rotating shifts (RR=1.3); Smoking: 12 h day and rotating shifts (RR=1.6), 10 and 12 h night and 8 h rotating shift (RR=1.4); No exercise: 8, 10, and 12 h rotating shifts (RR=1.2 to 1.3), 12 h day schedules (RR=1.3). Obesity (BMI > or = 30): 8 and 10 h night shifts (RR=1.3 and 1.4, respectively).
有证据表明，工作时间表可能会影响不健康行为的发生率，这表明解决工作时间表的挑战可能会改善健康状况。在一家跨国化工和涂料制造商，于 2000-2008 年期间收集了健康风险评估 (HRA) 调查的回复。对 26442 名回复者的回复进行了充分的分析。通过工作时间表类型（日班、夜班或轮班）和每天工作小时数（8、10 或 12 小时）比较了吸烟、缺乏运动、中度至高度饮酒、肥胖（BMI≥30）和睡眠不足的发生率。调整了年龄组、性别、婚姻/生活状况、工作年限和职业群体后，计算了患病率比 (RR)。参考组为 8 小时日班员工。总的流行率为：每晚睡眠时间少于 6 小时为 47%、吸烟为 17.3%、不运动为 22.0%、BMI≥30 为 28.3%、中度至重度饮酒为 22.2%。具有统计学意义的 RR 包括以下内容：睡眠不足 6 小时：10 小时轮班（RR=1.6）、12 小时日班和 12 小时轮班（RR=1.3）；吸烟：12 小时日班和轮班（RR=1.6）、10 小时和 12 小时夜班和 8 小时轮班（RR=1.4）；缺乏运动：8、10 和 12 小时轮班（RR=1.2 至 1.3）、12 小时日班（RR=1.3）。肥胖症（BMI≥30）：8 小时和 10 小时夜班（RR=1.3 和 1.4）。
