Postgraduate Course in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Am J Public Health. 2010 Oct;100(10):1877-89. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.196816. Epub 2010 Aug 19.
We analyzed Brazil's efforts in reducing child mortality, improving maternal and child health, and reducing socioeconomic and regional inequalities from 1990 through 2007. We compiled and reanalyzed data from several sources, including vital statistics and population-based surveys. We also explored the roles of broad socioeconomic and demographic changes and the introduction of health sector and other reform measures in explaining the improvements observed. Our findings provide compelling evidence that proactive measures to reduce health disparities accompanied by socioeconomic progress can result in measurable improvements in the health of children and mothers in a relatively short interval. Our analysis of Brazil's successes and remaining challenges to reach and surpass Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 can provide important lessons for other low- and middle-income countries.
我们分析了巴西在 1990 年至 2007 年期间为降低儿童死亡率、改善母婴健康以及减少社会经济和地区不平等所做的努力。我们汇集并重新分析了多个来源的数据，包括人口动态统计和基于人口的调查。我们还探讨了广泛的社会经济和人口变化以及卫生部门和其他改革措施的引入在解释所观察到的改善方面的作用。我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明积极主动地减少健康差距并伴随着社会经济的进步，可以在相对较短的时间内显著改善儿童和母亲的健康。我们对巴西在实现和超越千年发展目标 4 和 5 方面所取得的成功和仍然面临的挑战的分析，可以为其他低收入和中等收入国家提供重要的经验教训。
