Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2010 Oct;100(10):1967-71. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.170464. Epub 2010 Aug 19.
We examined whether the geographic density of alcohol retailers was greater in geographic areas with higher levels of demographic characteristics that predict health disparities.
We obtained the locations of all alcohol retailers in the continental United States and created a map depicting alcohol retail outlet density at the US Census tract level. US Census data provided tract-level measures of poverty, education, crowding, and race/ethnicity. We used multiple linear regression to assess relationships between these variables and retail alcohol density.
In urban areas, retail alcohol density had significant nonlinear relationships with Black race, Latino ethnicity, poverty, and education, with slopes increasing substantially throughout the highest quartile for each predictor. In high-proportion Latino communities, retail alcohol density was twice as high as the median density. Retail alcohol density had little or no relationship with the demographic factors of interest in suburban, large town, or rural census tracts.
Greater density of alcohol retailers was associated with higher levels of poverty and with higher proportions of Blacks and Latinos in urban census tracts. These disparities could contribute to higher morbidity in these geographic areas.
我们研究了在预测健康差异的人口统计学特征水平较高的地理区域，酒精零售商的地理密度是否更大。
我们获取了美国大陆所有酒类零售商的位置，并创建了一张地图，以显示美国普查区层面的酒类零售网点密度。美国人口普查数据提供了贫困、教育、拥挤和种族/民族等方面的普查区层面的衡量标准。我们使用多元线性回归来评估这些变量与零售酒精密度之间的关系。
在城市地区，零售酒精密度与黑种人、拉丁裔、贫困和教育程度呈显著的非线性关系，每个预测因子的最高四分位数的斜率大幅增加。在拉丁裔比例较高的社区，酒类零售密度是中位数的两倍。在郊区、大城镇或农村普查区，零售酒精密度与感兴趣的人口统计学因素几乎没有关系。
在城市普查区，酒精零售商的密度与贫困程度较高以及黑人和拉丁裔比例较高有关。这些差异可能导致这些地理区域的发病率更高。
