Department of Health Policy and Management, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 12;20(4):3212. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043212.
Alcohol outlets tend to cluster in lower income neighborhoods and do so disproportionately in areas with more residents of color. This study explores the association between on- and off-premise alcohol outlet density and history of redlining with violent crime in New York City between 2014 and 2018. Alcohol outlet density was calculated using a spatial accessibility index. Multivariable linear regression models assess associations between the history of redlining, on-premise and off-premise alcohol outlet density with serious crime. Each unit increase in on- and off-premise alcohol density was associated with a significant increase in violent crime (β = 3.1, < 0.001 on-premise and β = 33.5, < 0.001 off premise). In stratified models (redlined vs not redlined community block groups) the association between off-premise alcohol outlet density and violent crime density was stronger in communities with a history of redlining compared to those without redlining (β = 42.4, < 0.001 versus β = 30.9, < 0.001, respectively). However, on-premise alcohol outlet density was only significantly associated with violent crime in communities without a history of redlining (β = 3.6, < 0.001). The violent crime experienced by formerly redlined communities in New York City is likely related to a legacy of racialized housing policies and may be associated with state policies that allow for high neighborhood alcohol outlet density.
酒吧和酒馆倾向于聚集在低收入社区，而且在有色人种居民较多的地区不成比例地集中。本研究探讨了 2014 年至 2018 年期间，纽约市酒类专卖店和酒类零售店的密度与历史上的“红线政策”与暴力犯罪之间的关联。利用空间可达性指数计算了酒类专卖店和酒类零售店的密度。多变量线性回归模型评估了“红线政策”历史、酒类专卖店和酒类零售店密度与严重犯罪之间的关联。酒类专卖店和酒类零售店密度每增加一个单位，暴力犯罪就会显著增加（店内：β=3.1，<0.001；店外：β=33.5，<0.001）。在分层模型（有/无“红线政策”的社区街区组）中，与酒类零售店密度和暴力犯罪密度之间的关联在有“红线政策”历史的社区中比在没有“红线政策”历史的社区中更强（店外：β=42.4，<0.001；β=30.9，<0.001）。然而，只有在没有“红线政策”历史的社区中，酒类专卖店密度才与暴力犯罪显著相关（β=3.6，<0.001）。纽约市以前被“红线政策”划定的社区所经历的暴力犯罪可能与种族化住房政策的遗留问题有关，也可能与允许高社区酒类专卖店密度的州政策有关。
