Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute and University of New South Wales, Barker St, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Nov;42(6):2144-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.07.006. Epub 2010 Aug 4.
This cross-sectional study provides population-referenced data on the restraints used and the extent of incorrect restraint use, among child vehicle passengers aged 0-12 years in NSW, Australia. A multistage stratified cluster sampling plan was used to randomly select vehicles from baby/child health clinics, pre-schools/day care centres, and primary schools across NSW to undergo detailed inspection of restraints used by child occupants within those vehicles. Overall, there were very high restraint usage rates (>99% of sampled children) but fewer than one quarter of children were using the correct size-appropriate restraints. Incorrect use (51.4%) was as common as inappropriate use (51.2%). Incorrect use was highest among users of dedicated child restraint systems (OR 16.0, 95% CI 6.9-36.0), and was more likely among those using size-appropriate restraints than those using inappropriate restraints (OR 1.8 95% CI 1.1-3.2); and among convertible restraints than those designed for a single mode of use (OR 1.5 95% CI 1.2-1.7). As incorrect use substantially reduces the protection from injury that is offered by child restraints, it is important that future strategies to reduce casualties among child occupants target both inappropriate and incorrect use.
这项横断面研究提供了澳大利亚新南威尔士州 0-12 岁儿童汽车乘客使用的约束装置和不正确使用约束装置程度的人群参考数据。采用多阶段分层聚类抽样方案，从婴儿/儿童健康诊所、学前/日托中心和新南威尔士州的小学随机选择车辆，对这些车辆内儿童乘客使用的约束装置进行详细检查。总体而言，约束装置使用率非常高（>99%的抽样儿童），但只有不到四分之一的儿童使用正确的尺寸合适的约束装置。不正确使用（51.4%）与不适当使用（51.2%）一样常见。在专用儿童约束系统的使用者中，不正确使用的比例最高（OR 16.0，95%CI 6.9-36.0），与使用合适尺寸的约束装置的使用者相比，使用不适当约束装置的使用者更有可能发生不正确使用（OR 1.8，95%CI 1.1-3.2）；与设计为单一使用模式的可转换约束装置相比，使用更有可能发生不正确使用（OR 1.5，95%CI 1.2-1.7）。由于不正确使用会大大降低儿童约束装置提供的伤害保护，因此，减少儿童乘客伤亡的未来策略既要针对不适当使用，也要针对不正确使用。
