Micro and Trace Analysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Environ Pollut. 2010 Nov;158(11):3421-30. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.012. Epub 2010 Aug 21.
Daily and seasonal variation in the total elemental, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content and mass of PM(2.5) were studied at industrial, urban, suburban and agricultural/rural areas. Continuous (optical Dustscan, standard tapered element oscillating micro-balance (TEOM), TEOM with filter dynamics measurement system), semi-continuous (Partisol filter-sampling) and non-continuous (Dekati-impactor sampling and gravimetry) methods of PM(2.5) mass monitoring were critically evaluated. The average elemental fraction accounted for 2-6% of the PM(2.5) mass measured by gravimetry. Metals, like K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were strongly inter-correlated, also frequently with non-metallic elements (P, S, Cl and/or Br) and EC/OC. A high OC/EC ratio (2-9) was generally observed. The total carbon content of PM(2.5) ranged between 3 and 77% (averages: 12-32%), peaking near industrial/heavy trafficked sites. Principal component analysis identified heavy oil burning, ferrous/non-ferrous industry and vehicular emissions as the main sources of metal pollution.
本研究在工业区、城区、郊区和农村/农业区对 PM（2.5）的总元素、有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）含量和质量的日变化和季节变化进行了研究。对 PM（2.5）质量监测的连续（光学 Dustscan、标准锥形元素振荡微天平（TEOM）、带滤膜动力学测量系统的 TEOM）、半连续（Partisol 滤膜采样）和非连续（Dekati 撞击器采样和重量法）方法进行了严格评估。通过重量法测量的 PM（2.5）质量中，元素部分平均占 2-6%。金属（如 K、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn 和 Pb）之间强烈相关，也经常与非金属元素（P、S、Cl 和/或 Br）和 EC/OC 相关。通常观察到高 OC/EC 比值（2-9）。PM（2.5）中的总碳含量在 3 到 77%之间（平均值：12-32%），在工业/交通繁忙地区附近达到峰值。主成分分析确定重油燃烧、黑色/有色冶金工业和车辆排放是金属污染的主要来源。
