Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Sep;11(9):633-43. doi: 10.1038/nrm2957.
Cell migration affects all morphogenetic processes and contributes to numerous diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. For most cells in most environments, movement begins with protrusion of the cell membrane followed by the formation of new adhesions at the cell front that link the actin cytoskeleton to the substratum, generation of traction forces that move the cell forwards and disassembly of adhesions at the cell rear. Adhesion formation and disassembly drive the migration cycle by activating Rho GTPases, which in turn regulate actin polymerization and myosin II activity, and therefore adhesion dynamics.
细胞迁移影响所有形态发生过程，并导致许多疾病，包括癌症和心血管疾病。对于大多数细胞在大多数环境中，运动始于细胞膜的突起，随后在前部形成新的黏附，将肌动蛋白细胞骨架与基质连接起来，产生向前移动细胞的牵引力，并在后部解聚黏附。黏附的形成和解体通过激活 Rho GTPases 来驱动迁移周期，Rho GTPases 反过来又调节肌动蛋白聚合和肌球蛋白 II 活性，从而调节黏附动力学。
