Bostik Pavel, Takahashi Yoshiaki, Mayne Ann E, Ansari Aftab A
Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense & Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles University School of Medicine, Hradec-Kralove, Czech Republic.
HIV Ther. 2010 Jul 1;4(4):483-504. doi: 10.2217/HIV.10.28.
The findings that early events during HIV-1 and SIV infection of Asian rhesus macaques dictate the levels of viremia and rate of disease progression prior to the establishment of mature and effective adaptive immune responses strongly suggest an important role for innate immune mechanisms. In addition, the fact that the major target of HIV and SIV during this period of acute infection is the gastrointestinal tissue suggests that whatever role the innate immune system plays must either directly and/or indirectly focus on the GI tract. The object of this article is to provide a general overview of the innate immune system with a focus on natural killer (NK) cells and their role in the pathogenesis of lentivirus infection. The studies summarized include our current understanding of the phenotypic heterogeneity, the putative functions ascribed to the subsets, the maturation/differentiation of NK cells, the mechanisms by which their function is mediated and regulated, the studies of these NK-cell subsets, with a focus on killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in nonhuman primates and humans, and finally, how HIV and SIV infection affects these NK cells in vivo. Clearly much has yet to be learnt on how the innate immune system influences the interaction between lentiviruses and the host within the GI tract, knowledge of which is reasoned to be critical for the formulation of effective vaccines against HIV-1.
在亚洲恒河猴感染HIV-1和SIV的早期事件决定了病毒血症水平以及在成熟且有效的适应性免疫反应建立之前疾病进展速度，这些发现有力地表明了固有免疫机制的重要作用。此外，在急性感染期HIV和SIV的主要靶标是胃肠道组织这一事实表明，固有免疫系统所起的任何作用都必须直接和/或间接聚焦于胃肠道。本文的目的是对固有免疫系统进行总体概述，重点关注自然杀伤（NK）细胞及其在慢病毒感染发病机制中的作用。总结的研究内容包括我们目前对NK细胞表型异质性的理解、赋予各亚群的假定功能、NK细胞的成熟/分化、其功能介导和调控的机制、对这些NK细胞亚群的研究（重点是在非人类灵长类动物和人类中的杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（KIR）），以及最后HIV和SIV感染如何在体内影响这些NK细胞。显然，关于固有免疫系统如何影响慢病毒与胃肠道内宿主之间的相互作用，仍有许多有待了解的地方，据信这方面的知识对于制定针对HIV-1的有效疫苗至关重要。
