Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention Team, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Aug;11(4):353-60. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2010.486429.
To estimate the costs of motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injuries in the United States in terms of medical care and lost productivity by road user type.
Incidence and cost data for 2005 were derived from several data sources. Unit costs were calculated for medical spending and productivity losses for fatal and nonfatal injuries, and unit costs were multiplied by incidence to yield total costs. Injury incidence and costs are presented by age, sex, and road user type.
Motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injury costs exceeded $99 billion. Costs associated with motor vehicle occupant fatal and nonfatal injuries accounted for 71 percent ($70 billion) of all motor vehicle-related costs, followed by costs associated with motorcyclists ($12 billion), pedestrians ($10 billion), and pedalcyclists ($5 billion).
The substantial economic and societal costs associated with these injuries and deaths reinforce the need to implement evidence-based, cost-effective strategies. Evidence-based strategies that target increasing seat belt use, increasing child safety seat use, increasing motorcyclist and pedalcyclist helmet use, and decreasing alcohol-impaired driving are available.
根据道路使用者类型，估算美国与机动车相关的致命和非致命伤害在医疗和生产力损失方面的成本。
2005 年的发病率和成本数据来源于多个数据源。针对致命和非致命伤害的医疗支出和生产力损失计算了单位成本，并将单位成本乘以发病率以得出总成本。按年龄、性别和道路使用者类型呈现伤害发生率和成本。
与机动车相关的致命和非致命伤害成本超过 990 亿美元。与机动车乘客致命和非致命伤害相关的成本占所有与机动车相关成本的 71%（700 亿美元），其次是与摩托车手（120 亿美元）、行人（100 亿美元）和自行车骑手（50 亿美元）相关的成本。
这些伤害和死亡造成的巨大经济和社会成本，强化了实施基于证据、具有成本效益的策略的必要性。有一些基于证据的策略，这些策略针对提高安全带使用率、提高儿童安全座椅使用率、提高摩托车手和自行车骑手头盔使用率以及降低酒后驾车行为。
