Oguntoke O, Aboderin O J, Bankole A M
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Tanzan J Health Res. 2009 Oct;11(4):189-95. doi: 10.4314/thrb.v11i4.50174.
Occurrence of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases in cities of developing countries has been on the increase over the decades largely due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene among human population. This study examined the relationship between the spatial pattern of water-borne diseases vis-a-vis water quality in parts of Ibadan City in Nigeria. Data on 1334 cases of various water-borne diseases was collected from eight public hospitals with catchments covering the study area. Three areas with relatively high incidence of water-borne diseases and another three areas with relatively low incidence were selected for water sampling and household survey. Water samples from rains, wells, and borehole were collected for physical and bacteriological analyses. A well structured questionnaire was administered to 350 residents of the selected areas to elicit information on water sourcing, handling and storage. Analysis of hospital records showed significant difference in the occurrence of water-borne diseases among residential areas (P < 0.05). Typhoid fever had the highest occurrence (39.3%) followed by bacillary dysentery and cholera. About 45% of water-borne diseases were reported in July to September. The majority (77.1%) of the respondents depended on wells as major source of domestic water. Faecal coliform contamination of water samples ranged between 0.1 x 10(4) and 1.8 x 10(4) CFU ml(-1). Furthermore, 18% of rain water and 23.6% of well water samples were positive to Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. Potash alum application for domestic water treatment accounted for 68.6% explanation of waterborne diseases morbidity pattern in the study area (P < 0.05). Provision of adequate potable water remains the most important tool for preventing water-borne diseases in the study area.
几十年来，发展中国家城市中腹泻及其他水源性疾病的发生率一直在上升，这主要是由于不安全的饮用水、卫生设施不足以及人群卫生习惯差。本研究调查了尼日利亚伊巴丹市部分地区水源性疾病的空间分布模式与水质之间的关系。从八家公立医院收集了1334例各种水源性疾病的数据，这些医院的集水区覆盖了研究区域。选择了三个水源性疾病发病率相对较高的地区和另外三个发病率相对较低的地区进行水样采集和家庭调查。采集了雨水、井水和钻孔水的样本进行物理和细菌学分析。对选定地区的350名居民进行了一份结构良好的问卷调查，以获取有关水的获取、处理和储存的信息。医院记录分析显示，不同居民区水源性疾病的发生率存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。伤寒热的发生率最高（39.3%），其次是细菌性痢疾和霍乱。约45%的水源性疾病报告发生在7月至9月。大多数（77.1%）受访者依赖井水作为家庭用水的主要来源。水样中的粪大肠菌群污染范围在0.1×10⁴至1.8×10⁴ CFU ml⁻¹之间。此外，18%的雨水样本和23.6%的井水样本对霍乱弧菌、伤寒沙门氏菌和痢疾志贺氏菌呈阳性。在研究区域，使用明矾处理家庭用水可解释68.6%的水源性疾病发病模式（P < 0.05）。提供充足的饮用水仍然是研究区域预防水源性疾病的最重要手段。
