Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2010 Oct;77(10):1123-8. doi: 10.1007/s12098-010-0176-0. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
Hypocalcemia is a frequently observed clinical and laboratory abnormality in neonates. Ionic calcium is crucial for many biochemical processes including blood coagulation, neuromuscular excitability, cell membrane integrity, and many of the cellular enzymatic activities. Healthy term infants undergo a physiological nadir in serum calcium levels by 24-48 h of age. This nadir may drop to hypocalcemic levels in high-risk neonates including infants of diabetic mothers, preterm infants and infants with perinatal asphyxia. The early onset hypocalcemia which presents within 72 h requires treatment with calcium supplementation for at least 72 h. In contrast, late onset hypocalcemia usually presents after 7 days and requires longer term therapy.
低钙血症是新生儿中常见的临床和实验室异常。离子钙对许多生化过程至关重要，包括血液凝固、神经肌肉兴奋性、细胞膜完整性和许多细胞酶活性。健康的足月婴儿在出生后 24-48 小时血清钙水平达到生理最低点。这种最低点在高危新生儿中可能降至低钙血症水平，包括糖尿病母亲的婴儿、早产儿和围产期窒息的婴儿。在 72 小时内出现的早发性低钙血症需要至少 72 小时的钙补充治疗。相比之下，晚发性低钙血症通常在 7 天后出现，需要长期治疗。
