Moshi M J, Innocent E, Magadula J J, Otieno D F, Weisheit A, Mbabazi P K, Nondo R S O
Department of Biological and Preclinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Tanzan J Health Res. 2010 Jan;12(1):63-7. doi: 10.4314/thrb.v12i1.56287.
Dichloromethane and/or ethanol extracts of 30 plants used as traditional medicines in Bukoba district, northwestern Tanzania were evaluated for brine shrimp toxicity. Among the 50 extracts tested, 32 extracts (64%) showed very low toxicity with LC50 values above 100 microg/ml. Among these 12 (24%) which had LC50 >500 microg/ml can be categorized as being practically non-toxic. Among the remaining extracts 19 (38%) which showed LC50 > 100 < 500 microg/ml are also considered to be non-toxic. Extracts that showed LC50 results between 30-100 microg/ml have been categorized as mildly toxic; these include ethanol extracts of Lantana trifolia (LC50 32.3 microg/ml), Vernonia bradycalyx (LC50 33.9 microg/ml), Antiaris toxicaria (LC50 38.2 microg/ml) and Rubus rigidus (LC50 41.7 microg/ml) and the dichloromethane extracts of Gynura scandens (LC50 36.5 microg/ml) and Bridelia micrantha (LC50 32.0 microg/ml). The dichloromethane extracts of Picralima nitida (LC50 18.3 microg/ml) and Rubus rigidus (LC50 19.8 microg/ml), were only moderately toxic. Picralima nitida and Rubus rigidus extracts are only 1.1 and 1.2 less toxic than the standard drug, cyclophosphamide (LC50 16.3 microg/ml). In conclusion, the results indicate that among the 30 plants used as traditional medicines, 28 are safe for short term use. Picralima nitida and Rubus rigidus extracts are mildly toxic, but by comparison have a remote possibility to yield active anticancer compounds.
对坦桑尼亚西北部布科巴地区用作传统药物的30种植物的二氯甲烷和/或乙醇提取物进行了卤虫毒性评估。在测试的50种提取物中，32种提取物（64%）显示出极低的毒性，其半数致死浓度（LC50）值高于100微克/毫升。其中12种（24%）的LC50>500微克/毫升可归类为实际无毒。在其余提取物中，19种（38%）的LC50>100<500微克/毫升也被认为无毒。LC50结果在30 - 100微克/毫升之间的提取物被归类为轻度有毒；这些包括马缨丹（LC50 32.3微克/毫升）、缓脉斑鸠菊（LC50 33.9微克/毫升）、箭毒树（LC50 38.2微克/毫升）和硬毛悬钩子（LC50 41.7微克/毫升）的乙醇提取物，以及藤三七（LC50 36.5微克/毫升）和小花土蜜树（LC50 32.0微克/毫升）的二氯甲烷提取物。光亮匹菊（LC50 18.3微克/毫升）和硬毛悬钩子（LC50 19.8微克/毫升）的二氯甲烷提取物仅具有中等毒性。光亮匹菊和硬毛悬钩子提取物的毒性仅比标准药物环磷酰胺（LC50 16.3微克/毫升）低1.1倍和1.2倍。总之，结果表明，在用作传统药物的30种植物中，28种植物短期使用是安全的。光亮匹菊和硬毛悬钩子提取物有轻度毒性，但相比之下产生活性抗癌化合物的可能性很小。
