Sterling Rock Falls Clinic, 101 East Miller Road, Sterling, IL 61081, USA.
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2010 Nov;12(6):481-7. doi: 10.1007/s11886-010-0136-3.
The high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are produced by the liver and small intestine as well as on the surface of lipid-enriched macrophages in the subendothelial space of arterial walls. Unlike the apo B100-containing lipoproteins, the HDLs are uniquely antiatherogenic. Based on prospective observational studies performed throughout the world, there is a consistent inverse relationship between serum levels of HDLs and risk for cardiovascular events: low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risk, whereas high levels are usually associated with reduced risk for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Post hoc analyses of a number of studies using statins and fibrates have shown that raising serum HDL-C correlates with a reduction in risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Given these observations, enormous resources are being committed to the development of novel means by which to pharmacologically increase rates of HDL biosynthesis, modulate the functionality of HDL, and to promote reverse cholesterol transport with intravenous infusions of HDL particles.
高密度脂蛋白（HDLs）由肝脏和小肠以及动脉壁内皮下空间富含脂质的巨噬细胞表面产生。与载有 apo B100 的脂蛋白不同，HDLs 具有独特的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。基于世界各地进行的前瞻性观察研究，血清 HDLs 水平与心血管事件风险之间存在一致的负相关关系：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平低与风险增加相关，而水平高通常与心肌梗死、缺血性卒中和心血管死亡率降低相关。使用他汀类药物和贝特类药物的多项研究的事后分析表明，升高血清 HDL-C 与降低心血管发病率和死亡率相关。鉴于这些观察结果，大量资源正在投入到开发新的方法中，以通过药理学手段增加 HDL 生物合成的速度，调节 HDL 的功能，并通过静脉输注 HDL 颗粒促进胆固醇逆向转运。
