Gould D H, MacGregor J T
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977;86B:29-48. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9113-6_2.
The renal alterations induced by alkali-treated protein and lysinoalanine are reviewed and their biological implications discussed. Alkali-treated proteins and lysinoalanine, an unusual amino acid formed in proteins during alkali treatment, have been shown to produce a renal alteration characterized by nuclear and cytoplasmic enlargement, with alterations in DNA synthesis, mitotsis and nucleoprotein. These changes are localized in the straight portion of the proximal renal tubule and have been observed in rats but not in several other species. The nephrotoxic effect of synthetic lysinoalanine has been consistently demonstrated, but the ability of alkali-treated protein to induce renal alterations is apparently modified by factors other than lysinoalanine content. Factors which may influence the development of the kidney lesions in animals fed alkali-treatment protein are discussed, including nutritional factors, the chemical form of lysinoalanine in the protein, species differences, and metabolic fate. Other clinical and experimental conditions that result in similar renal alterations are presented for comparison with the lysinoalanine induced lesion, and possible functional consequences are considred.
本文综述了碱处理蛋白和赖氨酸丙氨酸诱导的肾脏改变，并讨论了它们的生物学意义。碱处理蛋白和赖氨酸丙氨酸（一种在蛋白质碱处理过程中形成的不寻常氨基酸）已被证明会引起肾脏改变，其特征为细胞核和细胞质增大，同时伴有DNA合成、有丝分裂和核蛋白的改变。这些变化局限于近端肾小管的直部，在大鼠中已观察到，但在其他几个物种中未观察到。合成赖氨酸丙氨酸的肾毒性作用已得到一致证实，但碱处理蛋白诱导肾脏改变的能力显然受到赖氨酸丙氨酸含量以外的因素影响。文中讨论了可能影响喂食碱处理蛋白动物肾脏病变发展的因素，包括营养因素、蛋白中赖氨酸丙氨酸的化学形式、物种差异和代谢命运。还介绍了导致类似肾脏改变的其他临床和实验条件，以便与赖氨酸丙氨酸诱导的病变进行比较，并考虑了可能的功能后果。
