Zander Mark F, Voltmer Edgar, Spahn Claudia
Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, University of Music and University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2010 Jun;25(2):54-65.
Music-related symptoms can already be found among student musicians during their years of university training. The goals of the present study were to ascertain the state and developmental course of the student musicians' health and to test the effectiveness of a preventive curriculum given to student musicians during their first two semesters at university.
Within a longitudinal, observational study, we assessed students' psychological and physical health during the first 2 years of university training. We compared data from the group of students who had followed the prevention program (intervention group, IG, n = 144) with data of a comparison group (CG, n = 103) of students who had not followed the program. Using standardized questionnaires, we measured physical and psychological symptoms as well as health behavior in a sequential plan (duration, 3.5 yrs).
Student musicians (n = 247) showed elevated ratings in psychological and physical health in comparison with nonmusicians of the same age. These ratings decreased at the end of the students' second year. The prevention program had a preventive effect on the students' psychological health: while IG students remained stable in their performance and powers of concentration, CG students got worse in those same areas. However, the prevention program did not reduce physical symptoms. In comparison with their younger colleagues, upper-level students took more courses in body-oriented methods, relaxation, and mental techniques, which focus on preventive measures for musicians.
At present, the study offers evidence supporting the use of the prevention curriculum for young musicians. In higher music education, preventive education has a positive impact on students' performance and their attitude toward health. The preventive curriculum does not have an effect on preexisting physical symptoms, and those symptoms related to the students musicians' activity should rather be treated in an additional therapeutic setting.
在大学学习期间，学生音乐家群体中就已出现与音乐相关的症状。本研究旨在确定学生音乐家的健康状况及发展过程，并测试在大学前两个学期为学生音乐家提供的预防课程的有效性。
在一项纵向观察性研究中，我们评估了学生在大学前两年的身心健康状况。我们将接受预防计划的学生组（干预组，IG，n = 144）的数据与未接受该计划的对照组（CG，n = 103）的数据进行了比较。我们使用标准化问卷，按照一个连续计划（为期3.5年）测量了身体和心理症状以及健康行为。
与同龄非音乐家相比，学生音乐家（n = 247）在身心健康方面的评分更高。这些评分在学生第二年结束时有所下降。预防计划对学生的心理健康有预防作用：干预组学生在表现和注意力方面保持稳定，而对照组学生在这些方面则有所恶化。然而，预防计划并未减轻身体症状。与低年级学生相比，高年级学生参加了更多以身体为导向的方法、放松和心理技巧方面的课程，这些课程侧重于音乐家的预防措施。
目前，该研究为年轻音乐家使用预防课程提供了证据支持。在高等音乐教育中，预防教育对学生的表现及其对健康的态度有积极影响。预防课程对已有的身体症状没有效果，与学生音乐家活动相关的那些症状应在额外的治疗环境中进行治疗。
