Torres-Cintrón Mariela, Ortiz Ana P, Pérez-Irizarry Javier, Soto-Salgado Marievelisse, Figueroa-Vallés Nayda R, De La Torre-Feliciano Taína, Ortiz-Ortiz Karen J, Calo William A, Suárez-Pérez Erick
Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR.
P R Health Sci J. 2010 Sep;29(3):317-29.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the second cause of death in Puerto Rico (PR). This article describes the incidence and the mortality from cancer in PR for the period of 1987 to 2004.
We analyzed data from the PR Central Cancer Registry and the PR Demographic Registry from 1987-2004, for the leading cancer types in men and women in PR. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were estimated by sex, municipality, health region and primary site and were age-standardized to the 2000 PR population.
Incidence rates for overall cancer remained constant in men and increased in women (APC = 0.6%, p < 0.05), while mortality rates decreased (APC = -1.0%) for both sexes. A significant increase was observed in the cancer incidence rates for colorectal cancer in men, while in women, an increase in breast, colorectal, and corpus and uterus cancer was observed. Mortality rates decreased for most of the major cancers types in both sexes, except for colorectal cancer in men which showed a significant increase (p < 0.05).
The most important cancer types in PR (prostate, breast, colorectal, and lung) for both incidence and mortality are susceptible to primary prevention (eliminating or reducing risk factors) or to secondary prevention (early diagnosis) strategies. Our results are essential for the development of cancer prevention and control strategies in the Island.
癌症仍然是全球发病和死亡的主要原因之一，是波多黎各（PR）的第二大死因。本文描述了1987年至2004年期间PR癌症的发病率和死亡率。
我们分析了PR中央癌症登记处和PR人口登记处1987 - 2004年的数据，涉及PR男性和女性的主要癌症类型。按性别、市、卫生区域和原发部位估计年龄调整发病率和死亡率，并对2000年PR人口进行年龄标准化。
男性总体癌症发病率保持不变，女性发病率上升（年度百分比变化 = 0.6%，p < 0.05），而两性死亡率均下降（年度百分比变化 = -1.0%）。男性结直肠癌的癌症发病率显著上升，而女性中，乳腺癌、结直肠癌以及子宫体癌的发病率上升。除男性结直肠癌死亡率显著上升（p < 0.05）外，大多数主要癌症类型的两性死亡率均下降。
PR发病率和死亡率方面最重要的癌症类型（前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌）易于采用一级预防（消除或降低风险因素）或二级预防（早期诊断）策略。我们的结果对于该岛癌症预防和控制策略的制定至关重要。
