中西方文化对比：西班牙和美国的性别和年龄的气质和性格分布。
A cross-cultural comparison between Spain and the USA: temperament and character distribution by sex and age.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
出版信息
Psychiatry Res. 2011 Apr 30;186(2-3):397-401. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.021. Epub 2010 Aug 30.
The Unified Biosocial Theory of Personality developed by Cloninger has been applied in different cultures. Distribution by age and sex of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) dimensions were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Spain and the USA. Three non-clinical samples were included: i) 404 participants from Asturias (Spain); ii) 240 participants from Burgos (Spain); and iii) 300 adults from St. Louis (USA). Each participant was assessed by means of the TCI. A significant negative correlation between NS and both HA (r=-0.329; P<0.01) and P (r=-0.217; P<0.01) was found in the study sample, as well as significant effects of age in NS, HA, RD, and C for women and in NS and HA for men, and also of sex in HA and RD. Personality dimensions for the two Spanish samples appear to be similar (differences in HA4 and RD) compared to those for the US sample (differences in NS, HA, RD and P). Findings support Cloninger's theory about differences between men and women, but not regarding the intercorrelations between temperament dimensions.
由克隆伯格提出的统一生物社会人格理论已在不同文化中得到应用。本研究跨文化评估了西班牙和美国样本的气质与性格量表（TCI）维度的年龄和性别分布。纳入了三个非临床样本：i）来自阿斯图里亚斯（西班牙）的 404 名参与者；ii）来自布尔戈斯（西班牙）的 240 名参与者；以及 iii）来自圣路易斯（美国）的 300 名成年人。每个参与者均通过 TCI 进行评估。研究样本中发现 NS 与 HA（r=-0.329；P<0.01）和 P（r=-0.217；P<0.01）之间存在显著负相关，以及 NS、HA、RD 和 C 随年龄的显著变化，以及女性的 NS 和 HA，以及男性的 HA 和 RD，还有 HA 和 RD 的性别差异。与美国样本相比（NS、HA、RD 和 P 方面的差异），两个西班牙样本的人格维度似乎相似（HA4 和 RD 方面的差异）。研究结果支持克隆伯格关于男女差异的理论，但不支持气质维度之间的相互关系。
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