Research Institute of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Compr Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;53(1):71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.01.008. Epub 2011 Mar 11.
The psychometric properties of the TCI-R method were investigated in a cohort of 15-year-old adolescents (n = 787). This is the lowest recommended age for using the adult version of the method. A factor analysis of the temperament and character scales was carried out on the basis of Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation. We compared our results with a previous TCI version which was used in the pilot study of 15-year-olds (n = 171), with established norms for the Czech adolescents and adults, and in regard to gender differences. The principal component analyses for all scales with eigenvalues ≥ 1 resulted in only a 6 factor structure, in contrast to the 7 factor structure postulated by Cloninger. But the factor solution, computed separately for temperament (4F) and character (3F), approximately reflected the Cloninger's model except for the temperament subscales NS1 (Exploration Excitability), RD1 (Sentimentality) and RD4 (Dependence), which load multiple factors, and the character subscale SD 4 (Self-acceptance), which loads the Cooperativeness factor. The internal consistency of the main TCI-R scales was excellent; the Cronbach's alpha varied from .83 (NS) to .89 (HA). However, for some subscales (NS4, RD4, and CO5) the consistency was rather weak. In our research, the previous version of TCI showed less satisfying psychometric properties than TCI-R did. In terms of gender differences, girls scored higher in NS, RD, HA, CO and ST, whereas boys scored higher in PS; no statistically significant differences for SD were found. In general, our results support the Cloninger's postulated 7 factor personality structure and the appropriateness of the TCI-R usage for 15-year-old adolescents.
采用 TCI-R 方法对 15 岁青少年（n = 787）队列进行了心理测量学特性研究。这是推荐使用成人版方法的最低年龄。基于主成分分析和 Varimax 旋转对气质和性格量表进行了因子分析。我们将结果与之前在 15 岁青少年（n = 171）的初步研究中使用的 TCI 版本进行了比较，还与捷克青少年和成人的既定规范以及性别差异进行了比较。所有特征值≥1 的量表的主成分分析仅得出 6 个因子结构，与 Cloninger 提出的 7 个因子结构不同。但是，对于气质（4F）和性格（3F）分别计算的因子解决方案，除了气质子量表 NS1（探索兴奋）、RD1（多愁善感）和 RD4（依赖）之外，几乎反映了 Cloninger 的模型，这些子量表可以加载多个因子，而性格子量表 SD 4（自我接纳）则可以加载合作因子。主要 TCI-R 量表的内部一致性非常好；Cronbach's alpha 从.83（NS）到.89（HA）不等。但是，对于一些子量表（NS4、RD4 和 CO5），一致性相当弱。在我们的研究中，TCI 的先前版本显示出比 TCI-R 更差的心理测量学特性。就性别差异而言，女孩在 NS、RD、HA、CO 和 ST 方面的得分较高，而男孩在 PS 方面的得分较高；在 SD 方面没有发现统计学上的显著差异。总的来说，我们的研究结果支持 Cloninger 提出的 7 因子人格结构，以及 TCI-R 适用于 15 岁青少年的说法。
