Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Sep;91(9 Suppl):S66-71. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.11.032.
Deficits in executive functioning and self-regulation, which are characteristic of many rehabilitation populations, can interfere with the provision of accurate and reliable responses to surveys designed to measure psychosocial constructs, including community participation. Using the Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology paradigm, survey researchers have found that respondents proceed through 4 processes that draw heavily on executive functions: (1) question comprehension and interpretation, (2) retrieval of applicable information from memory, (3) integration of retrieved information to form a judgment, and (4) configuration or mapping of the judgment to the response choices. Respondents without cognitive deficits frequently make errors because of challenges to their executive functions; it should therefore be anticipated that persons with deficits in executive functions will have even greater difficulties providing consistent and accurate responses. Research with persons with executive functioning deficits that empirically evaluates the various strategies recommended by survey researchers is sorely needed. At a minimum, survey design and administration should take into account potential sources of error resulting from executive functioning deficits by testing and incorporating strategies for reducing error.
执行功能和自我调节方面的缺陷是许多康复人群的特征，这可能会干扰到他们对旨在测量心理社会结构（包括社区参与）的调查做出准确和可靠的反应。调查研究人员使用“调查方法学的认知方面”范式发现，被调查者在回答问题时要经过四个过程，这些过程严重依赖于执行功能：（1）问题的理解和解释；（2）从记忆中检索适用的信息；（3）整合检索到的信息以形成判断；（4）将判断配置或映射到响应选项。没有认知缺陷的被调查者经常因为执行功能方面的挑战而犯错误；因此，应该预期执行功能有缺陷的人在提供一致和准确的反应方面会有更大的困难。非常需要对有执行功能缺陷的人进行实证评估调查研究人员所推荐的各种策略的研究。至少，调查设计和管理应该考虑到执行功能缺陷可能导致的误差源，通过测试和纳入减少误差的策略来进行。
