Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8.
Semin Immunopathol. 2010 Dec;32(4):415-30. doi: 10.1007/s00281-010-0221-0. Epub 2010 Aug 28.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been studied in the context of their direct toxic effects on cells. As a result, ROS have conventionally been thought of as a necessary nuisance to aerobic living. However, in recent years, much work has been done to examine the contribution of ROS to the field of immunity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases were identified as one of the key sources of ROS in immune cells. The NOX2 NADPH oxidase in particular has been assigned multiple roles, functioning as a source of antimicrobial ROS, an activator of many signaling pathways, a participant in chemotaxis, an immune modulator, and a critical player in the initiation of antigen cross-presentation. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed a novel role for the NOX2 NADPH oxidase in the activation of autophagy, a cellular degradative pathway. Here, we examine these functions of NOX2 NADPH oxidase in immunity.
活性氧 (ROS) 长期以来一直被研究其对细胞的直接毒性作用。因此，ROS 通常被认为是需氧生活的必要麻烦。然而，近年来，人们做了大量工作来研究 ROS 对免疫领域的贡献。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸 (NADPH) 氧化酶被确定为免疫细胞中 ROS 的主要来源之一。特别是 NOX2 NADPH 氧化酶，其具有多种功能，作为抗微生物 ROS 的来源、许多信号通路的激活剂、趋化作用的参与者、免疫调节剂以及抗原交叉呈递的起始中的关键参与者。此外，最近的研究揭示了 NOX2 NADPH 氧化酶在自噬（一种细胞降解途径）激活中的新作用。在这里，我们研究了 NOX2 NADPH 氧化酶在免疫中的这些功能。
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