Zimbabwe Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Harare, Zimbabwe.
AIDS Behav. 2011 Feb;15(2):487-98. doi: 10.1007/s10461-010-9783-z.
Quantitative studies indicate that HIV incidence in Zimbabwe declined since the late 1990s, due in part to behavior change. This qualitative study, involving focus group discussions with 200 women and men, two dozen key informant interviews, and historical mapping of HIV prevention programs, found that exposure to relatives and close friends dying of AIDS, leading to increased perceived HIV risk, was the principal explanation for behavior change. Growing poverty, which reduced men's ability to afford multiple partners, was also commonly cited as contributing to reductions in casual, commercial and extra-marital sex. HIV prevention programs and services were secondarily mentioned as having contributed but no specific activities were consistently indicated, although some popular culture influences appear pivotal. This qualitative study found that behavior change resulted primarily from increased interpersonal communication about HIV due to high personal exposure to AIDS mortality and a correct understanding of sexual HIV transmission, due to relatively high education levels and probably also to information provided by HIV programs.
定量研究表明，津巴布韦的艾滋病毒发病率自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来有所下降，部分原因是行为的改变。本项定性研究采用焦点小组讨论的方式，对 200 名男女进行了访谈，对 24 名关键知情人进行了访谈，并对艾滋病毒预防规划进行了历史制图，发现接触因艾滋病而死亡的亲戚和密友，使人们更多地认识到艾滋病毒的风险，这是行为改变的主要原因。贫困的加剧使男性难以负担得起多个性伴侣，这也被普遍认为是导致偶然、商业和婚外性行为减少的原因。艾滋病毒预防规划和服务也被认为是促成行为改变的因素之一，但没有明确指出具体的活动，尽管一些流行文化的影响似乎至关重要。这项定性研究发现，行为的改变主要是由于个人对艾滋病死亡率的高度接触以及对性传播艾滋病毒的正确理解，这是由于相对较高的教育水平，可能还得益于艾滋病毒规划提供的信息，从而导致了人际间关于艾滋病毒的交流增加。
