Psychological Assessment Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Medical Sciences, University of Tehran, No. 669 South Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2010 Sep;13(5):395-405.
Although several studies have been performed to evaluate the personality differences amongst smokers with different dependency levels, they do not use constant criteria for patients selection. The inconsistencies between some of these findings suggest the need for using solid criteria such as the modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ) score to evaluate the relation between personality traits and impulsivity differences and the severity of nicotine dependency.
In this study, 22 heavily dependent, 37 lightly dependent and 30 non-smokers were recruited using the mFTQ score, a widely used test of nicotine dependence. All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Cattle Anxiety Scale, Temperament, and Character Inventory and three other personality questionnaires intended to measure impulsivity: the Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale, Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, and Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. Participants also had to perform a behavioral choice task, the Delay Discounting Choice, which is designed to assess impulsivity.
Although heavily dependent smokers scored higher than non-smokers and lightly dependents on the Beck depression Inventory and most of the impulsivity subscales; lightly dependent smokers scored higher than non-smokers only on a few subscales of the impulsivity scores.
The mFTQ scores correlated significantly with many scores of the impulsivity subscales. These results would be helpful to design more specific questionnaires for the psychological assessment of smokers according to nicotine dependence level and to adopt more etiologic oriented treatment approaches in the future.
尽管已经有几项研究评估了不同尼古丁依赖水平的吸烟者之间的人格差异，但它们并未使用恒定的标准来选择患者。这些研究结果之间的不一致表明，需要使用可靠的标准（如改良 Fagerstrom 尼古丁依赖量表评分）来评估人格特质和冲动性差异与尼古丁依赖严重程度之间的关系。
本研究采用广泛用于尼古丁依赖测试的改良 Fagerstrom 尼古丁依赖量表（mFTQ）评分，招募了 22 名重度依赖者、37 名轻度依赖者和 30 名非吸烟者。所有参与者均完成了贝克抑郁量表、牛焦虑量表、气质与性格问卷以及另外 3 项旨在衡量冲动性的人格问卷：巴雷特冲动量表、艾森克冲动问卷和祖克曼感觉寻求量表。参与者还必须完成一项行为选择任务，即延迟折扣选择，该任务旨在评估冲动性。
尽管重度依赖吸烟者在贝克抑郁量表和大多数冲动性分量表上的得分高于非吸烟者和轻度依赖者；但轻度依赖吸烟者仅在冲动性得分的少数几个分量表上的得分高于非吸烟者。
mFTQ 评分与许多冲动性分量表的评分显著相关。这些结果有助于根据尼古丁依赖水平为吸烟者设计更具体的心理评估问卷，并在未来采用更具病因导向的治疗方法。
