Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, First Avenue at 16th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;45(3):271-327. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2010.04.002.
There is a need for generalist- and specialist-level palliative care clinicians proficient in symptom management and care coordination. Major factors contributing to this need include changed disease processes and trajectories, improved medical techniques and diagnostic testing, successful screening for chronic conditions, and drugs that often prolong life. The rapid progressive illnesses and deaths that plagued the first half of the twentieth century have been replaced in the twenty-first century by increased survival rates. Conditions that require ongoing medical care beyond a year define the current chronic illness population. Long years of survival are often accompanied by a reduced quality of life that requires more medical and nursing care and longer home care. This article reviews the management of selected symptoms in palliative and end of life care.
需要熟练掌握症状管理和护理协调的通科和专科临终关怀临床医生。造成这种需求的主要因素包括疾病过程和轨迹的改变、医疗技术和诊断测试的改进、慢性疾病的成功筛查以及经常延长生命的药物。困扰 20 世纪上半叶的快速进展性疾病和死亡已被 21 世纪的生存率提高所取代。需要一年以上持续医疗护理的疾病定义了当前的慢性疾病人群。长期生存往往伴随着生活质量下降，需要更多的医疗和护理以及更长时间的家庭护理。本文回顾了临终关怀和生命末期护理中选定症状的管理。
