UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
PLoS Pathog. 2010 Aug 19;6(8):e1001053. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001053.
HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids. Most transmissions occur through sexual acts, making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors. We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection, and we propose that the viral populations in semen arise by multiple mechanisms including: direct import of virus, oligoclonal amplification within the seminal tract, or compartmentalization. In addition, we find significant enrichment of six out of nineteen cytokines and chemokines in semen of both HIV-infected and uninfected men, and another seven further enriched in infected individuals. The enrichment of cytokines involved in innate immunity in the seminal tract, complemented with chemokines in infected men, creates an environment conducive to T cell activation and viral replication. These studies define different relationships between virus in blood and semen that can significantly alter the composition of the viral population at the source that is most proximal to the transmitted virus.
HIV-1 存在于解剖部位和体液中。大多数传播是通过性行为发生的，这使得精液中的病毒成为男性供体中最近的传染源。我们在比较慢性 HIV-1 感染男性血液和精液中的病毒 RNA 群体时发现了三种不同的关系，我们提出精液中的病毒群体是通过多种机制产生的，包括：病毒的直接输入、在生殖道内的寡克隆扩增或分隔。此外，我们发现 19 种细胞因子和趋化因子中有六种在 HIV 感染和未感染男性的精液中显著富集，另外七种在感染个体中进一步富集。先天免疫相关细胞因子在生殖道中的富集，加上感染男性中的趋化因子，创造了有利于 T 细胞激活和病毒复制的环境。这些研究定义了血液和精液中病毒之间的不同关系，这些关系可能会显著改变最接近传播病毒的源处病毒群体的组成。
