Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases (CARD), School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Mucosal Immunol. 2010 Nov;3(6):537-44. doi: 10.1038/mi.2010.52. Epub 2010 Sep 1.
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is an organized tertiary lymphoid structure that is not pre-programmed but develops in response to infection or under chronic inflammatory conditions. Emerging research has shown that iBALT provides a niche for T-cell priming and B-cell education to assist in the clearance of infectious agents, highlighting the prospect that iBALT may be engineered and harnessed to enhance protective immunity against respiratory pathogens. Although iBALT formation is associated with several canonical factors of secondary lymphoid organogenesis such as lymphotoxin-α and the homeostatic chemokines, CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21, these cytokines are not mandatory for its formation, even though they influence its organization and function. Similarly, lymphoid tissue-inducer cells are not a requisite of iBALT formation. In contrast, dendritic cells are emerging as pivotal players required to form and sustain the presence of iBALT. Regulatory T cells appear to be able to attenuate the development of iBALT, although the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. In this review, we discuss facets unique to iBALT induction, the cellular subsets, and molecular cues that govern this process, and the contribution of this ectopic structure toward the generation of immune responses in the pulmonary compartment.
诱导性支气管相关淋巴组织（iBALT）是一种组织化的三级淋巴结构，它不是预先编程的，而是在感染或慢性炎症条件下发育的。新兴的研究表明，iBALT 为 T 细胞的初始激活和 B 细胞的教育提供了一个小生境，有助于清除感染因子，这突出了 iBALT 可能被设计和利用来增强针对呼吸道病原体的保护性免疫的前景。尽管 iBALT 的形成与次级淋巴器官发生的几个典型因素有关，如淋巴毒素-α和稳态趋化因子 CXCL13、CCL19 和 CCL21，但这些细胞因子对于其形成不是必需的，尽管它们影响其组织和功能。同样，淋巴组织诱导细胞不是 iBALT 形成的必要条件。相反，树突状细胞正在成为形成和维持 iBALT 存在的关键因素。调节性 T 细胞似乎能够减弱 iBALT 的发育，尽管潜在的机制仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 iBALT 诱导的独特方面、调节该过程的细胞亚群和分子线索，以及这种异位结构对肺区免疫反应产生的贡献。
