Escola de Ultra-sonografia e Reciclagem Médica de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 Aug;284(2):313-7. doi: 10.1007/s00404-010-1667-y. Epub 2010 Sep 3.
To evaluate the effect of pregnancy and smoking on endothelial function using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and to determine the time necessary until the occurrence of maximum brachial artery dilation after stimulus.
This study was an observational study evaluating 133 women, who were grouped as follows: non-smoking pregnant women (N = 47), smoking pregnant women (N = 33), non-smoking women (N = 34), and smoking pregnant women (N = 19). The diameter of the brachial artery was measured at baseline and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 s after stimulus. The relative change of brachial artery was determined for each of these four moments. FMD measured at 60 s after stimulus was compared between the groups.
The maximum FMD was observed at 60 s after cuff release in all groups. FMD was greater among non-smoking pregnant women compared to smoking pregnant women (11.50 ± 5.77 vs. 8.74 ± 4.83; p = 0.03) and also between non-smoking non-pregnant women compared to smoking non-pregnant women (10.52 ± 4.76 vs. 7.21 ± 5.57; p = 0.03).
Maximum FMD was observed approximately 60 s after stimulus in all groups regardless of smoking and pregnancy status. The smoking habit seems to lead to endothelial dysfunction both in pregnant and non-pregnant women, as demonstrated by the lower FMD in smokers.
通过肱动脉血流介导的舒张（FMD）评估妊娠和吸烟对内皮功能的影响，并确定刺激后肱动脉最大扩张发生所需的时间。
本研究为观察性研究，共评估了 133 名女性，分为以下几组：非吸烟孕妇（N=47）、吸烟孕妇（N=33）、非吸烟女性（N=34）和吸烟非孕妇（N=19）。在基线和刺激后 30、60、90 和 120 秒测量肱动脉直径。确定这四个时刻肱动脉的相对变化。比较刺激后 60 秒各组的 FMD。
所有组在袖带释放后 60 秒达到最大 FMD。与吸烟孕妇相比，非吸烟孕妇的 FMD 更高（11.50±5.77 对 8.74±4.83；p=0.03），与吸烟非孕妇相比，非吸烟非孕妇的 FMD 也更高（10.52±4.76 对 7.21±5.57；p=0.03）。
无论吸烟和妊娠状态如何，所有组在刺激后约 60 秒达到最大 FMD。吸烟习惯似乎导致妊娠和非妊娠女性的内皮功能障碍，表现为吸烟者的 FMD 较低。
