Nursing I Department, Nursing University School, University of Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940 Biscay, Spain.
Eur J Pediatr. 2011 Jan;170(1):93-102. doi: 10.1007/s00431-010-1276-6. Epub 2010 Sep 3.
Many children exceed suggested screen-viewing guidelines and this is likely to be a risk factor for obesity. Understanding the predictors of screen-viewing may be the first step in designing interventions that target these behaviours, but there is lack of information on predictors among Spanish children. This study examined associations between individual, friend and family based social variables and screen-viewing behaviours, and how these associations differ by age and gender in a sample of Spanish children. Participants were 247 primary school-aged and 256 secondary school-aged children and their parents. Children reported time spent in screen-viewing and information about individual and friend and family based social variables. Body mass index was assessed and children were classified using International Obesity Task Force cut-off points. Parents reported sociodemographic characteristics and family co-viewing practices. Lower self-efficacy for reducing screen-viewing (console playing p < 0.05; overall p < 0.01), stronger sedentary group-norms (TV p < 0.001; console playing p < 0.05; overall p < 0.05) and stronger social reasons (console playing p < 0.05) were associated with higher screen-viewing. For younger children, parental screen-viewing rules appeared to be significant predictors while family co-viewing practices were significant predictors for older children. Older children (TV p < 0.001; console playing p < 0.01; overall p < 0.001) and males (TV p < 0.01; console playing p < 0.001; overall p < 0.01) were likely to spend more time screen-viewing. Individual and social factors influence children's screen-viewing and operate differently during childhood. Increasing self-efficacy may be important for screen-viewing based behaviour changes. Friends and parents play a central role, therefore understanding the dynamics of friends and targeting family influences may be critical to the success of interventions to reduce screen-viewing.
许多儿童超过了建议的屏幕观看时间指南，这可能是肥胖的一个风险因素。了解屏幕观看的预测因素可能是设计针对这些行为的干预措施的第一步，但西班牙儿童的预测因素信息缺乏。本研究在西班牙儿童样本中检查了个体、朋友和家庭社会变量与屏幕观看行为之间的关联，以及这些关联如何因年龄和性别而不同。参与者包括 247 名小学生和 256 名中学生及其父母。儿童报告了屏幕观看时间以及有关个人、朋友和家庭社会变量的信息。评估了体重指数，并使用国际肥胖工作组的切点对儿童进行分类。父母报告了社会人口统计学特征和家庭共同观看习惯。较低的减少屏幕观看的自我效能感（控制台游戏 p <0.05；总体 p <0.01）、更强的久坐行为群体规范（电视 p <0.001；控制台游戏 p <0.05；总体 p <0.05）和更强的社会原因（控制台游戏 p <0.05）与更高的屏幕观看时间相关。对于年龄较小的儿童，父母的屏幕观看规则似乎是显著的预测因素，而家庭共同观看习惯是年龄较大的儿童的显著预测因素。年龄较大的儿童（电视 p <0.001；控制台游戏 p <0.01；总体 p <0.001）和男性（电视 p <0.01；控制台游戏 p <0.001；总体 p <0.001）更有可能花费更多时间在屏幕上观看。个体和社会因素影响儿童的屏幕观看行为，并且在儿童时期的作用不同。提高自我效能感可能对基于屏幕观看的行为改变很重要。朋友和父母起着核心作用，因此了解朋友的动态并针对家庭影响可能对减少屏幕观看的干预措施的成功至关重要。
