Domenjoud L, Nussbaum G, Adham I M, Greeske G, Engel W
Institut für Humangenetik Universität, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Genomics. 1990 Sep;8(1):127-33. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90234-l.
Protamines are small, arginine-rich proteins involved in the condensation of sperm chromatin. Using cDNA clones, we have isolated the genes for both human protamines, i.e., protamine 1 (PRM1) and protamine 2 (PRM2), from a human cosmid library. Each of these genes contains a single intron consisting of 91 and 163 bp, respectively. From the 5'-noncoding region of PRM1 664 bp and from the 5'-noncoding region of PRM2 902 bp were determined. Both genes contain typical TATAA and CAAT boxes at conventional distances from the transcription start points, which by using primer extension experiments could be assigned to nucleotides -91 and -110 for PRM1 and PRM2 genes, respectively. Comparison of the 5'-noncoding regions of PRM1 and PRM2 genes reveals 12 different motifs in common, 8 of which are clustered in both genes and could reflect regulatory elements for testis- and spermatid-specific gene expression. Both human genes have been found to be clustered at a distance of 4.8 kb. Comparison of the genomic organization of human and mouse protamine genes revealed greater similarities between the two in the 5'-noncoding region.
鱼精蛋白是一类富含精氨酸的小蛋白，参与精子染色质的凝聚。利用cDNA克隆，我们从一个人类黏粒文库中分离出了两种人类鱼精蛋白的基因，即鱼精蛋白1（PRM1）和鱼精蛋白2（PRM2）。这些基因中的每一个都包含一个分别由91和163个碱基对组成的单一内含子。测定了PRM1基因5'非编码区的664个碱基对以及PRM2基因5'非编码区的902个碱基对。两个基因在距离转录起始点的常规位置都含有典型的TATA盒和CAAT盒，通过引物延伸实验确定，PRM1和PRM2基因的这些元件分别位于核苷酸-91和-110处。PRM1和PRM2基因5'非编码区的比较揭示了12个共同的不同基序，其中8个在两个基因中都成簇分布，可能反映了睾丸和精子特异性基因表达的调控元件。已发现这两个人类基因在4.8 kb的距离处成簇。人类和小鼠鱼精蛋白基因的基因组组织比较显示，两者在5'非编码区有更大的相似性。
