Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2010 Sep;46(5):1147-58. doi: 10.1037/a0019659.
Using a longitudinal, prospective adoption design, the authors of this study examined the effects of the environment (adoptive parents' depressive symptoms and responsiveness) and genetic liability of maternal depression (inferred by birth mothers' major depressive disorder [MDD]) on the development of fussiness in adopted children between 9 and 18 months old. The sample included 281 families linked through adoption, with each family including 4 individuals (i.e., adopted child, birth mother, adoptive father and mother). Results showed that adoptive mothers' depressive symptoms when their child was 9 months old were positively associated with child fussiness at 18 months. A significant interaction between birth mothers' MDD and adoptive mothers' responsiveness indicated that children of birth mothers with MDD showed higher levels of fussiness at 18 months when adoptive mothers had been less responsive to the children at 9 months. However, in the context of high levels of adoptive mothers' responsiveness, children of birth mothers with MDD did not show elevated fussiness at 18 months. Findings are discussed in terms of gene-environment interactions in the intergenerational risk transmission of depression.
本研究采用纵向前瞻性收养设计，考察了环境（收养父母的抑郁症状和反应性）和母亲抑郁的遗传易感性（通过生母的重度抑郁症[MDD]推断）对 9 至 18 个月大的收养儿童烦躁程度的发展的影响。样本包括通过收养联系起来的 281 个家庭，每个家庭包括 4 个人（即收养儿童、生母、养父和养母）。结果表明，孩子 9 个月大时收养母亲的抑郁症状与 18 个月大时孩子的烦躁程度呈正相关。生母 MDD 与收养母亲反应性之间存在显著的交互作用，表明生母患有 MDD 的儿童在 9 个月时收养母亲对孩子的反应性较低时，18 个月时的烦躁程度更高。然而，在收养母亲反应性水平较高的情况下，生母患有 MDD 的儿童在 18 个月时没有表现出烦躁程度升高。研究结果从抑郁的代际风险传递中的基因-环境相互作用方面进行了讨论。
